《侠客档案》之杲杲

杲杲 · 发表于 2023-3-5 17:49:44

RA一句话评分标准1. 跳词：跳3个满分，跳6个阅读-2口语-3，
2. 替换（something或者其他)，：换一个阅读-4口语-6
3. 误读近似音：错读3个阅读-4，口语-6
4. RA正确率：读对单词数/读的首词到尾词数
5. 选段：需要完整集中片段，但不能受制于标点符号

杲杲 · 发表于 2023-3-5 17:50:15

rs
练习
刷题四步：听说-听读-读说-听写
分类简到难：主谓宾；宾表；主谓宾状；复合；there be
可以夸张因为模仿原句
首字母或跟读不建议
All filed assignments should have a full list of bibliography.
A full bibliography is needed at the end of all the assignments.
133.Interpreters are not readily available in this department.  #021221
这个部门没有现成的口译员。

134.Organic food is grown without applying chemicals and possesses no artificial additives. #021262
有机食品在生产过程中不使用化学物质，也不含人工添加剂。

135.Please do not bring food into the classroom. #021294
请不要把食物带进教室。

136.In consultation with your supervisor, your thesis is approved by the faculty committee.  #021389
经与你的导师协商，你的论文获得系委员会的批准。

137.You may use your student identification card to borrow books at the library.  #021504
你可以用你的学生证件去图书馆借阅图书。
1 .A computer virus destroyed all my files. 一种电脑病毒毁了我所有的文件。
2 .A lot of agricultural workers came to the east end to look for alternative work. 许多农业工人来到东区寻找替代的工作。
3 .A periodical is a publication that is issued regularly. 期刊是定期发行的出版物。
4 .A preliminary bibliography is due the week before spring break. 一份初步的参考书目要在春假前一周交。
5 .A study skill seminar is on for the students who require assistance. 一场技能学习研讨会开始了，专为需要帮助的学生开设。
6 .A full bibliography is needed at the end of all the assignments. 所有作业的结尾处都需要一份详尽的参考书目。
7 .All essays and seminar papers submitted must be emailed to your tutor. 所有提交的论文和研讨会论文必须通过电子邮件的方式发送给你的导师。
8 .All filed assignments should have a full list of bibliography. 所有归档的作业都应该有一个完整的参考书目列表。
9 .All necessary information is in the assignment. 所有必要的信息都在作业中。
10 .All the assignments should be submitted by the end of this week. 所有的作业都要在本周末前交上来。
11 .Any text or references you make should be cited appropriately in the footnotes. 您作出的任何文本或参考文献都应恰当得在脚注中引用出来。
12 .Anyone who has a problem with their accommodation should speak to the welfare officer. 任何对住宿有疑问的人都应向福利员提出。
13 .Basketball was created in eighteen ninety one by a physical instructor. 篮球是年由一位体育教练创立的。
14 .Being a vegan means not consuming any animal product. 成为素食主义者意味着不吃任何动物产品。
15 .Conferences are always scheduled on the third Wednesday of the month. 会议总是安排在每月的第三个星期三。
16 .Dr. Green's office has been moved to the second floor of the building. 格林医生的办公室已经搬到大楼的二楼了。
17 .African elephant is the largest living land mammal in the world. 非洲大象是世界上最大的陆地哺乳动物。
18 .Essays should be typed with double space in white paper. 论文应用双倍行距打在白纸上。
19 .Even with a permit, finding a parking spot on campus is almost impossible. 即使有许可证，在校园里找到一个停车位也几乎是不可能的。
20 .Farmers do not always receive price for agricultural goods. 农民并不总是收到农产品的价格。
21 .I will be in my office every day from ten to twelve. 每天点到点我都在办公室。
22 .I'll start with a brief history of the district, and then focus on life in the first half of the th century. 我先简要介绍一下这个地区的历史，然后重点介绍世纪上半叶的生活。
23 .I've got a tutorial in an hour and I haven't had any time to prepare for it. 一小时后我要上一堂辅导课，但我没时间准备。
24 .Meeting with mentors could be arranged for students who need additional help. 可以为需要额外帮助的学生安排与导师的会面。
25 .Meteorology is a detailed study of earth's atmosphere. 气象学是对地球大气的详细研究。
26 .No more than four people can be in the lab at once. 实验室里一次不能超过四个人。
27 .The portfolio is due at the internal review office no later than Tuesday. 作品集最迟应在周二交到内部审查办公室。
28 .Put the knife and fork next to the spoon near the edge of the table. 把刀叉放在汤匙旁边，靠近桌子边缘。
29 .The residence hall is closed prior to the academic building closing time at the end of the semester. 在学期结束时，学生宿舍会在教学楼关闭时间之前关闭。
30 .Sport is the main cause of traumatic brain injury in the United States. 在美国，运动是造成创伤性脑损伤的主要原因。
31 .Students are so scared of writing essays because they have never learned how. 学生们很害怕写论文，因为他们从来没有学过怎么写。
32 .The Internet provides unusual opportunities for students and current events. 互联网为学生和时事提供了非同寻常的机会。
33 .The course comprises twenty hours of lectures, seminars, and tutorials per week. 该课程包括每周小时的讲座、
34 .Each group should submit a rough outline of their project to their tutor. 研讨会和辅导课。
35 .The contest includes both land living history and the human history. 每个小组都应该向他们的导师提交一个项目的大致大纲。
36 .I would like an egg and tomatoes on white sandwich bread with orange juice. 竞赛内容既包括陆地生活史，也包括人类历史。
37 .These developments are discussed in more depth in Chapter nine. 我想要白面包三明治里夹一个鸡蛋和西红柿，配上橙汁。
38 .The first few sentences of an essay should capture the reader's attention. 这些进展将在第九章进行更深入的讨论。
39 .The initial results are intriguing; however, statistically speaking they are insignificant. 文章的开头几句话应该能抓住读者的注意力。
40 . The minimal mark for Distinction to be awarded is %. 最初的结果很有趣，然而，从统计上来说，它们是微不足道的。
41 .The office opens on Mondays and Thursdays directly following the freshman induction seminar. 被授予优异成绩(D)的最低分是%。
42 .The original Olympic Games were celebrated as religious festivals. 办公室在新生入职研讨会之后的周一和周四开放。
43 .The part of the story is the story of my father. 最初的奥运会是作为宗教节日来庆祝的。
44 .The pharmacy was closed when I went past this morning. 其中一部分的故事是我父亲的故事。
45 .The School of Arts and Design has an open day on Thursday next week. 今天早上我经过药店时，药店关门了。
46 .The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy. 艺术与设计学院在下周四有开放日。
47 .To receive the reimbursement, you must keep the original receipts. 英国是君主立宪制和议会民主制国家。
48 .We are delighted to have professor Robert to join our faculty. 要收到报销，你必须保留原始收据。
49 .We are not going to accept the assignment after the due date on Friday. 我们很高兴罗伯特教授加入我们的团队。
50 .We offer a broad range of undergraduate and postgraduate courses. 我们将不接受星期五截止日之后的作业。
51 .You should raise your concern with the head of school. 我们提供广泛的本科和研究生课程。
52 .You will be informed of the results by email. 你应该向校长提出你的担忧。
53 .A demonstrated ability to write clear, correct and concise English is bigotry. 结果将通过电子邮件通知您。
54 要求必须写出清楚、正确和简明的英语（这样的想法）太偏执了。
55 .Biographical information should be removed prior to the publication of the results. 在结果公布之前，个人生平信息应被删除。
56 .Due to the rising demand for courses, the university should also increase their academic staff, too. 由于课程需求的增长，大学也应该增加他们的学术人员。
57 .We're constantly looking for ways to bring industry and agriculture close together. 我们一直在寻找将工业和农业紧密结合在一起的方法。
58 .I can't attend the lecture because I have a doctor's appointment. 我不能参加讲座，因为我和医生约定好了。
59 .Interpreters are not readily available in this department. 这个部门没有现成的口译员。
60 .Newspapers across the country have been reporting stories of the president. 全国各地的报纸都在报道总统的故事。
61 .No crop responds more readily to careful husbandry and skillful cultivation. 面对细心的耕种照料和娴熟的培育技术，所有农作物都很容易呈现积极反应的。
62 .Our young people need education and more organized activities. 我们的年轻人需要教育和更有组织的活动。
63 .Unfortunately, the two most interesting economic selective subjects clash on my timetable. 不幸的是，两门最有趣的经济选修课的时间在我的时间表上有冲突。
64 .To answer such a complex question with a simple yes or no is absolutely impossible. 来回答如此复杂的问题是绝对不可能的。
65 .I would like a tomato and cheese sandwich on white bread and orange juice. 我想要一个西红柿乳酪三明治加白面包和橙汁。
66 .Organic food is grown without applying chemicals and possesses no artificial additives. 有机食品在生产过程中不使用化学物质，也不含人工添加剂。
67 .Physics is the study of matter and energy. 物理学是一门研究物质和能量的学科。
68 .The library is located on the other side of the campus behind the student center. 图书馆位于校园的另一边，在学生活动中心的后面。
69 .The small Indian state is a land of forests, valleys and snowy islands. 这个小小的印度邦是一片森林、
70 .The U.S. ranks the twenty second in foreign aid, given as a percentage of GDP. 山谷和多雪岛屿的土地。
71 .In our university, students have access to thirteen college libraries. 以占GDP的比例计算，美国的对外援助排名第位。
72 .All of our accommodation is within a walking distance to the academic buildings. 在我们大学，学生可以使用个学院图书馆。
73 .Please do not bring food into the classroom. 我们所有的住宿到教学楼都在步行距离内。
74 .Higher fees make students think more critically about what universities can offer. 请不要把食物带进教室。
75 .The United States has the maximum production of chocolate. 更高的学费会让学生更加批判性地思考大学能提供什么。
76 .Anatomy is the study of the body's internal and external structures. 美国是巧克力产量最大的国家。
77 .Hypothetically, insufficient mastery of comprehension slows future progress. 解剖学是研究人体内部和外部结构的学科。
78 .Our school of Arts and Technology accepts applications at all points throughout the year. 假设来说，理解能力掌握不足会延缓未来的进步。
79 .The negative discourse continues to be predominant in discussions about gender. 我们的艺术与技术学院全年都接受所有的申请。
80 .In English, the months of the year are always capitalized. 负面话语继续在性别讨论中占主导地位。
81 .The hypothesis on the black hole is rendered moot as the explanation for the explosion. 在英语中，一年中的月份总是大写的。
82 .He is almost never in his office. 把黑洞的假设作为对爆炸的解释是无意义的。
83 .It's within the framework that we carry out our survey. 他几乎从不在他的办公室。
84 .In marketing, short-term thinking often leads to disasters. 我们的调查是在按照框架进行的。
85 .Politics combine both legislative and political authorities. 在市场营销中，短期思维往往会导致灾难。
86 .The cafeteria closes soon, but snack machines are accessible throughout the night 政治结合了立法和政治权力。
87 .We did not think there is any notable variance between two of the three tests. 自助餐厅很快就要关门了，但零食售卖机整晚都可以使用。
88 .Please explain what the author means by "sustainability". 我们认为三种检验中的两种之间没有任何显著的差异。
89 .In consultation with your supervisor, your thesis is approved by the faculty committee. 请解释作者所说的“可持续性”是什么意思。
90 .Once more under the pressure of economic necessity, practice outstripped theory. 经与你的导师协商，你的论文获得系委员会的批准。
91 .The number of companies in bankruptcy skyrocketed in the third quarter. 在经济需要的压力下，实践又一次超越了理论。
92 .The brain can be called the central computer of the body. 破产公司的数量在第三季度急剧上升。
93 .The university celebrated the Earth Day by planting trees. 大脑可以被称为身体的中央计算机。
94 .Please be careful when using online translation programs. 这所大学通过种树来庆祝地球日。
95 .The library is located on the north side of the campus. 请小心使用在线翻译程序。
96 .We have three distinctive libraries which are nationally acclaimed. 图书馆位于校园的北侧。
97 .The main sports on campus are rugby, soccer, and tennis. 我们有三个独特的图书馆在全国享有盛誉。
98 校园的主要运动包括橄榄球、足球和网球。
99 .It is clear that the effects of climate change will damage the world economy. 很明显，气候变化的影响将损害世界经济。
100 .The website has probably the most attractive layout. 这个网站的布局可能是最吸引人的。
101 .There is a fitness center next to the student union. 学生会旁边有一个健身中心。
102 .The deadline for the submission is closed on Wednesday, the th of February. 提交截止日期为月日，周三。
103 .For further information, please contact a member of our administrative team. 欲了解更多信息，请与我们管理团队的成员联系。
104 .The professor plans to discuss issues in the news that reflect concepts taught in class. 这位教授打算讨论一些新闻事件，这些新闻事件中反映出课上教过的概念。
105 .The first draft of the presentation is almost ready. 演示文稿的初稿差不多准备好了。
106 .Would you pass me the textbook on that table? 你可以把那个桌子上的课本递给我吗？
107 .You may use your student identification card to borrow books at the library. 你可以用你的学生证件去图书馆借阅图书。
108 .Keeping organized class notes will make study time more efficient. 有条理的课堂笔记会让学习时间更有效率。
109 .Students can choose graduate certificate, graduate diploma and master course. 学生可以选择研究生证书（课程）、
110 .This office is for students who want to study abroad. 研究生文凭（课程）和硕士课程。
111 .Animal behavior appears to contain both similar and distinct aspects to that of humans. 这个办公室是为想出国留学的学生准备的。
112 .Tomorrow evening, there's a panel discussion on sustainable development. 动物的行为似乎与人类既有相似之处，也有不同之处。
113 .We are not able to accept assignments submitted after Friday's deadline. 明天晚上，有一个关于可持续发展的小组讨论。
114 .It's a great privilege to welcome our guest speaker to our college. 我们不能接受在周五截止日期之后提交的作业。
115 .All postgraduate students in the department are encouraged to participate in these seminars. 很荣幸能欢迎我们的客座演讲者来到我们学院。
116 .The examples on the theory of social capital were a challenge to grasp. 本系鼓励所有研究生参加这些研讨会。
117 .Key aspects of this investigative paradigm may prove useful in other spheres. 社会资本理论的例子是一个难以把握的挑战。
118 .You realize that you can deal with a lot of situations. 这种研究范式的关键方面可能在其他领域被证明是有用的。
119 .I have lectures on Tuesday from nine o’ 你意识到你可以处理很多情况。
120 clock. clock until two o’
121 .Speaking one or more foreign languages will be useful in your career. 我星期二从九点到两点有课。
122 .One of the first mass transit systems was located in France. 会说一门或多门外语对你的职业生涯有帮助。
123 .All the works you consult need to be mentioned in the bibliography. 最早的公共交通系统之一位于法国。
124 .There are many welcoming activities for new undergraduate and postgraduate students. 你查阅的所有著作都需要在参考书目中注明。
125 .This will be the first art exhibition to be held by the university. 这里有许多欢迎新入学本科生和研究生的活动。
126 .I think that to raise the issue and to talk about it is great. 这将是该大学举办的第一个艺术展。
127 .The university hosts a wide range of events both on and off campus. 我认为提出并讨论这个问题是很好的。
128 .Our capacity to serve the community is a vital part of our role. 这所大学在校园内外举办了各种各样的活动。
129 .A balanced diet will help you study more effectively. 我们服务社会的能力是我们这个职位的重要组成部分。
130 .At the end of the day, people want to profit from return on their investment. 均衡的饮食有助于你更有效地学习。
131 .The support and advice of lecturers within the department has been invaluable. 最终，人们希望从他们的投资回报中获利。
132 .Tomorrow's lecture has been canceled due to the power cut. 系里讲师的支持和建议是非常宝贵的。

杲杲 · 发表于 2023-3-5 17:52:06

DI
1. The following graph shows the information about （标题）
2. It is shown that the items include （不同元素的名词）
3. According to this graph, it can be seen that _______________
4. What is more, we can see that _______________
5. In conclusion, We can know the trend of （不同元素的名词）（尽量多说，尽量说没说过的）
表格、柱状图、线图The largest/smallest number is ___(元素), can be seen in (横坐标或品类)，which is （纵坐标或者具体内容）.
针对线图和一些表示增长或者是下降趋势的图,The number of (元素A/B)    increased （三选一1.dramatically 2. Slowly 3. with a lot offluctuation） from （纵坐标数字A） to （纵坐标数字B）,reaching the(maximum/minimum) in (填极值的横坐标)
地图题, 文字很少的照片图 To the left/right/top/bottom/central/outside part of the picture, there is a (填颜色) area, which means (文字或图片含义)
流程图：The first/second/next step is____________, which （___________）
虫
极值：the highest number can be found in ___, which is around__.
列举：there is a lot of information such as __, and __ as well ass___.
描述：there is information about __ which is in __ color

经典模板 (可用极值句)(适用于line/bar/pie/table/map)
The following picture shows information about in the unit of 单位
So from the picture we can see that:
If you look at 第一类, we can see that
the highest number can be found in__ which is around_, and __(任意一组X/Y 值)
the lowest number can be found in__, which is around__(任意一组X/Y 值)
If you look at 第二类, we can see that
the highest number can be found in__ which is around,and __(任意一组X/Y 值)
the lowest number can be found in__, which is around__(任意一组X/Y 值)
So in conclusion, the following picture shows information about 标题

流程模板(可用极值句/列举句/描述句) (适用于flow chart)
The following picture shows information about 标题
If you look at the 1st stage, we can see that
there is information abou__twhich is in__color;  and
If you look at the following stage, we can see that
there is information about__which is in__color;  and
If you look at the following stage, we can see that
there is information about__which is in__color;
So in conclusion, the following picture shows information about 标题

划水模板 (可用极值句/列举句/描述句)(适用于所有非常规图片题)
The following picture shows information about 标题
So from the picture we can see that:
If you look at the left/picture one, we can see that
there is information about__which is in__color, and
there is information about__which is in__color.
If you look at the right/picture two, we can see that
there is information about__which is in__color, and
there is information about__which is in__color.
So in conclusion, the following picture shows information about 标题

杲杲 · 发表于 2023-3-5 17:52:28

1. Size of Nine Planets

内容点一：最大的星球是Jupiter
内容点二：第二大的星球是Saturn
内容点三：最小的星球是Pluto
两倍，三倍 Double, triple白色花纹，黄色，浅蓝，深蓝，White pattern, yellow, light blue, dark blue,
2. Typing postures

内容点一：打字正确的姿势是手与键盘垂直
内容点二：手掌水平与桌面平行
内容点三：其他姿势都是对手不健康的
straight, flat, parallel. angled, inward, outward. high and low. keyboard, hands, fingers.
3. Adults Healthy BMI Chart

内容点一：描述Under Weight的趋势
内容点二：Healthy Weight和Over Weight趋势相同，描述起始点趋势）
内容点三：Obese从1.36m到1.9m，从55kg到110kg
4. How Solar Yard Lights Work电灯泡

5. Student Accommod

内容点一：进门左边是厨房，右边是浴室
内容点二：继续走，左边是卧室，卧室里有一个床和Desk
内容点三：右边是客厅，有沙发和桌椅
6.Food Pyramid

内容点一：最底层的是Water
内容点二：第二层是Bread and Cereals以及Fruits and Vegetables
内容点三：第三层是Milk, cheese and eggs 以及 meat, poultry, sauage and fish
内容点四：顶端是Junk Food，Sweets，Sugar Drinks
7. Oxbow Lake Format

内容点一：描述图一：一条river，左边是meander蜿蜒而行，右边是neck细长部分
内容点二：描述图二：neck变成了sand&slit狭长的切口，左边出现oxbow lake河道曲流湾
形状类似Ω, 树还是那么多的树，沙子的情况依旧没有改变
8. Student Accommodation - Floor Plan

内容点一：Bathroom在平面图的左上角top left corner
内容点二：Kitchen在平面图的左下角
内容点三：床在平面图的右边
9. The World’s Water

内容点一：概括地球水资源分为freshwater和saltwater
内容点二：描述freshwater的组成部分
内容点三：描述saltwater的组成部分
10.Fish Count in Daytime and Nighttime

内容点一：白天：鱼很少，有礁石rocks
内容点二：晚上：鱼很多，有礁石rocks
内容点三：白天和晚上有很大的差别

1. Lunar Cycle affects Fish Catch Rates

内容点一：新月new moon的时候，鱼群在水底
内容点二：first quarter moon的时候，鱼群在中间
内容点三：满月full moon的时候，鱼群很分散
内容点四：last quarter moon的时候，鱼群在表面
2. Computers Then and Now

.Computers Then and now
内容点一：以前电脑体积比较大 volume
内容点二：以前电脑没有鼠标 mouse
内容点三：现在电脑屏幕更大 monitor
previous/nowadays;green/blue
这里的Then 特指过去的时间
3. Different Heights of Four Trees

Different Heights of trees
内容点一：4种不同的树
内容点二：Hemlock的高度是130 feet
内容点三：Cedar的高度是200feet
Hemlock 毒芹;Cedar 雪松；Spruce 云杉木;douglas fir黄杉
hemlock [ˈhemlɒk] cedar[ˈsiːdə(r)] spruce[spruːs] Douglas fir [ˈdʌgləs fɜː(r)]
密度density，茂盛，繁茂Prosperity
4. Human Arms and W

内容点一：人的手是有很多个部分组成的
Point 1: The human hand is composed of many parts
内容点二：Seal Limb的部分基本和人的一样
   Point 2: The part of Seal lamb is basically the same as that of human
内容点三：鸟和蝙蝠翅膀的骨头很少
   Point 3: There are few bones in the wings of birds and bats
humerus肱骨:是上肢最粗壮的骨，上端与肩胛骨形成肩关节，下端与桡骨和尺骨形成肘关节。
ulna 尺骨:为前臂的稳定骨，是两根前臂骨中位于内侧且较长的骨，分二端一体。
radius 桡骨: 位于前臂外侧部，分一体两端。
5. Bird Feeder

内容电一：左图，瓶子，鸟食，铅笔
Left, blue bottle, bird food, pencil
内容点二：右图，瓶子，木头勺子，鸟食，小鸟
Right, white bottle, wooden spoon, bird food, lark
内容点三：convenient way to feed birds, 鸟食投喂器Bird Feeder
绳线string筷子chopsticks
背景：绿色森林，挂在树梢上
6. Sitting Postures Wh

内容点一：正确的坐姿
内容点二：背腰坐直，不要弯着腰看电脑
内容点三：正确的坐姿对身体更好
bend over 弯腰驼背
computer，monitor，keyboard, desk, chair.
body back neck spine
how to sit at a computer
7. Eclipse

内容点一：左边：一个Sun，右边一个Earth和两个Orbits
内容点二：中间：一个Moon，并且有一个Penumbra 半影和 Umbra 本影
内容点三：还有一个Total Eclipse和Partial Eclipse[ɪˈklɪps] 日食
8. .Ice Shelf

内容点一：From snow to the ice sheet
内容点二：From ice sheet to the ice shelf, and then to icebergs
内容点三：Below ice shelf is warm ocean water
1. Formation of iceberg
2. snow from sky
3. ice sheet, bedrock
4. sea, melting, warm ocean water
5. ice shelf
6. ice berg
9. Students at the lab

内容点一：左边有一个男生，右边三个女生
内容点二：他们戴着护目镜  They are wearing goggles.
内容点三：他们在实验室里做实验，很开心很enjoy

1. .The Eatwell Plate

内容点一：最大值
内容点二：第二大值
内容点三：最小值
2. Sweden Government Budget 2018

内容点一：最大值在Revenue SEK，价值是1043 billion
内容点二：最小值在Expenditure SEK，价值是 999 billion
内容点三：其中的surplus 是 44 billion
3. What is E-waste

内容点一：50% electronic waste, 50% electric waste
内容点二：Electronic waste 最大值是 computers, telephones, fax, printers, etc.
内容点三：Electric waste 最大值是 washing machines, dryers, air-conditioners, vacuum cleaners, coffee machines, toasters, irons
4. Main Hall

内容点一：左下角有Kitchen
内容点二：上面有Main Hall
内容点三：厕所在右侧

杲杲 · 发表于 2023-3-5 17:53:12

本帖最后由杲杲于 2023-3-5 17:58 编辑

柱状
提际教The following graph gives informationabout_标题_.The items include_线的标识_.The years / types include _二类标注According to this graph, in _, thevalue of _年一_isand that of_年二_is higher, which isand that of _年三_ is the highest,which isThe highest value of_is
饼状
The following graph givesinformation about_标题.The items include_线的标识_.According to this graph, _ has the largest proportion, which isOn the contrary, _ has the lowest proportion, which isAlso, according to this graph, the proportion of _ is larger than that ofIn conclusion, _has the highest sales.
单线
The following graph gives informationabout_标题_.The horizontal axis is _横轴_ rangingfrom_ toThe vertical axis is _纵轴_, rangingfrom_ toAccording to this graph, in the year of , the value isThe highest value is_, which is inOn the contrary, the lowest value is which is inIn conclusion, if this trend continues,the_标题_will keep decreasing/increasing in the future.
多线
The following graph gives information about_标题_The items include _线的标识_.The horizontal axis is_横轴_ranging fromtoThe vertical axis is _纵轴_， in the unit ofranging from_toAccording to this graph, in the year ofthe value of _线1_isand that of _线二_is higher, which isand that of _线三_is the highest, which isThe highest value of _is_, which is in In conclusion,_has the highest coffee
表格
The following graph gives information about population.The source is from The World Almanac and Book of Facts.The data of years and population are displayed.According to this graph, in the year of 1650, the population is 550 million.The highest value is in the year of 2000, which is 6 billion.On the contrary, the lowest value is in the year of 1650, which is 550 million.In conclusion, if this trend continues, the population will keep increasing in the future.
标题下面标注的文字表头 & 表格第一列描述一个点最高点最低点Conclusion
流程图
D全国The following graph givesinformation about_标题_.It shows how the process is done.The steps include_挑三个步骤_.According to this graph, the first step is _(, which consists of _).And the next step isIt is then followed byAnd the next step isThe final step isIn conclusion, this diagram is very informative.
住线图：标题标注柱状图蓝柱的最高点柱状图紫柱的最高点线形图蓝线的最高点结尾
住饼图：
The following graph gives information about men and women.The items include men and women.The data of aged under 20 and 20 to 29 and over 50 are displayed.According to this graph, the highest value is 40, which is language.On the contrary, the lowest value is sculpture, which is 10 (women).You can also see from this graph that the largest proportion is 42%, which is over 50.
地图
The following graph gives informationabout_标题_.Data of different areas are displayed.As you can see, there has been a great deal of variations on the map.And the items include_(, which is_) and_(, which is __).According to this graph, the largest areas of _are inOn the contrary, the largest area of is in In conclusion, there are more than in the world.

The following graph gives information about oresent potentialvegetation.Data of different areas are displayed.As you can see, there has beena great deal of variations on the map.And the items include Closed Forest,which has more than 70% of canopy cover, and extreme desert, which has lessthan 2% of vegetation cover.According to this graph, the largest areas ofclosed forest are in North America and Asia.On the contrary, the largest areaof extreme desert is in Africa.In conclusion, there are more closed foreststhan extreme deserts in the world.

EEThe following graph gives information about Share of world GDPPPP.Data of different areas are displayed.As you can see, there has been agreat deal of variations on the map.And the items include over 15%, over 3.5%,and the six biggest economies.According to this graph, the largest areas ofover 15% are in America and China.On the contrary, the largest area of lessthan 1 % is in Africa.In conclusion, Asia has the most number of biggesteconomies.下图给出了购买力平价在世界GDP中所占份额的信息。显示不同区域的数据。如你所见，地图上有很多变化。这些项目包括超过15%，超过3.5%，以及六个最大的经济体。根据这张图表，超过15%的地区在美国和中国。相反，最大的不足1%的地区是在非洲。总之，亚洲拥有最多的最大经济体。

图片：

The following picture gives informationabout_标题_.You can see from this picture that at the central area, there is_; the colour of it isYou can also see from this picture that at the upper/lower/left/right/central area, there is_; the colour of it isAt the background, there is_; the colour of it isThe weather is sunny/rainy/cloudy. The sky is blue and clear.In conclusion, this picture is very informative.

The following graph gives information about the earth.According to this picture, items such as atmosphere, crust, mantle and outer core are displayed.As you can see from this graph, the outermost layer is atmosphere.Underneath it, there is crust.The next layer is mantle.It is followed by outer core.The next layer is the outer core of molten metal.The innermost layer is the solid metal inner core.In conclusion, this graph is very informative.

The following graph gives information about a tree trunk / tree.According to this picture, at the central area, there is a tree trunk; the colour of it is yellow. (Its edge is in brown colour. And it is covered by moss.)Also, according to this picture, at the lower area, there are many branches; the colour of those are brown.At the background, there are many trees; the colour of them are green /blurry.The weather is sunny. The sky is blue and clear.In conclusion, this picture is very informative.

The following graph gives information about the world's water.According to this graph, information about saltwater and freshwater are displayed.As you can see from this graph, the value of the saltwater is 97%.And the value of freshwater is 2.5%.The total freshwater is 35 million cubic km.According to this graph, it consists of glaciers and permanent snow, which is 68%, and groundwater, which is 30%.As you can also see that it also consists of0.8% of ground ice, which further consists of lakes, soil and atmosphere.In conclusion, this graph is very informative.饭リYou can see from this picture that You can also see from this picture that According to this picture Also, according to this picture It is clear from this picture that It also is clear from this picture that This is a very beautiful picture, and it shows a number of things According to this graph, at central aera, there is ...Based on the graph, we can conclude that it is a very interesting and important graph and it contains a lot of useful information.

，相比较而言，图片题是其中门类最多，范围最广，东西最杂的一类题，所以需要简单题，做过的题，就好很多了，除此以外就是各种的模板去套用。

杲杲 · 发表于 2023-3-5 17:58:26

re tell
1
This lecture is mainly about
Firstly, the speaker mentioned that
Furthermore, the speaker explained that
According to the speaker,
Based on the lecture, we can conclude that it is a very interesting and important lecture, and it contains a lot of useful information.
2
The lecture talks about
This lecture has provided a lot of useful information. / The speaker argues this with supporting details.
According to the speaker,
And the speaker has also mentioned that
The speaker has also given an example of
In addition, he also gives information about
According to him,
And
In conclusion, this lecture is very informative.
3
1. The following lecture shows information about 主题词
2. First of all, the speaker has mentioned something about_1 , which is very important to_2
3. And he also mentioned something about 3, which has a great impact on 4.
4. Also we can know that, the speaker has mentioned something about 5 , which is very important to 6.
5. And he also mentioned some examples such as_7 , which has a great impact on 8.
6. So in conclusion, the following lecture shows information about 9/主题词
7. And we should focus on the information about 10/i because it can bring a lot of benefits to human society

4
This lecture mainly discussed XXX.
Firstly, the speaker mentioned something about XXX, which is important to XXX.
Secondly, the speaker also mentioned something about XXX, which has a great impact to XXX.
Finally, the speaker believed that XXX 。
In conclusion, this lecture was very informative.
5
The lecture is about____. The speaker argues the statement with supporting details, including____. According to the lecture, it is known that P1. It is also known that P2. It is clear that P3. It is also clear that P4. In general, it can be concluded that a lot of crucial information is provided by facts and affairs (optional)
6
1The lecture is about____
2.The speaker argues many supporting details, including____
3.According to the lecture t is known that________
4.It is also known that
5.It is clear that____
6. In general, it can be concluded that____.

2要点
a. 只看流利度和发音不看语法逻辑
b. 要6个点，尽量简单句或名词词组（3-4词）
c. 注意
i. 逻辑信号词- but although however so therefore
ii. 语气变换-放慢，重读，重复出现
iii. 数据- 百分比，比例
d. 段落成分：
i. topic sentence 开头1-2句
ii. Supporting details 2-3点
iii. Conclusion 句子末尾1-2句（可能没有）
e. 多记半句少半句模板

杲杲 · 发表于 2023-3-5 18:00:31

1. Monkey and Typewriter 猴子打字

有人声称：只要留有足够的时间，比如6亿年，就会有生命出现。
There is a claim: if you leave chance in time long enough, like 600 million years, you will have life.
如果让猴子打出“生存还是毁灭，这是一个问题”这一句话需要多久时间呢？
How long does it take a monkey to type "to be or not be that is the question"?
答案是12.6 trillion trillion trillion trillion years
The answer is 12.6 trillion trillion trillion trillion years.
所以，理论上是可以实现的，但是几乎不可能。
So it's mathematically possible but incredibly unlikely to happen.
2. Teaching 老教授谈教学
我做的研究都是在求知欲的驱使下完成的，只有这样我们才能做好教学。 All my research conducted by 60 plus graduate students were motivated by the need to learn, so that we can teach.
虽然在学习的过程中，会衍生出很多发明，但我觉得发明只是副产品，学习的最终产品是“对知识更深入的理解” Although there are some inventions along the way, I’ve always considered that these inventions are the by -products of the learning process. The end product is always the better understanding.
我把教学看做是一个工具，启发新想法，尝试新的途径。 I’ve also looked at teaching as a vehicle, to try new ideas and new ways of doing things.
根据我的经验，教学应该更注重启发、激发、和鼓励学生。 According to my experience, teaching is more stimulating and motivating students.
图片是一个白头发教授，穿着西装，站在讲台后。
3. The Politics of Happiness 幸福指数与政治
目前世界上，只有不丹这个位于中国印度之间的弹丸之国，真正采用了国民幸福指数作为衡量政府政绩的核心指标。 There is only one country - the tiny little Bhutan, located between China and India, has adopted the Gross National Happiness as the central index of the government policy.
不丹已经在教育、医疗、经济增长和环境保护等方面取得了很大的成效。 It has been quite successful in education, health, economic growth, and environmental preservation.
针对提高国民幸福指数的一些列政策，不丹有一套完善成熟的评价体系。但不丹是世界上截至目前为止唯一的一个成功做到的国家。 Bhutan has very sophisticated methods of measuring of the effects of different policies on happiness, but Bhutan is the only country in the world who has gone that far.
现在有许多国家，例如澳大利亚，法国，英国，开始对白皮书政策、幸福研究以及公共政策开始感兴趣。 But now some other countries like Australia, France and Great Britain has become interested in white paper policies, happiness research, and the effects of public policies.
所以，幸福生活指数这一议题已经在各国演变成了执政者最感兴趣的议题。 So it has gradually become a subject of great interest for policy makers and legislators in different countries.
4. .London Taxi Service 伦敦出租车

1851年在伦敦举办的万国工业博览会，向世界首次展示了世上最高端的出租车服务。
During the Great Exhibition in 1851, London gave us the world’s premier taxi service.
当时，来自世界各地的人们涌入伦敦，但当时马车系统太落后，无法带客人抵达博览会会场。
At that time, visitors from all around the world wanted to to the exhibition, but their horse-drawn carts were too terrible to find their way to the exhibition.
于是伦敦当局设立了公共运输局，这个组织至今还在运行。
So London Authority sets up Public Carriage Office, which is an organization that still exists.
公共运输局负责全伦敦的出租车司机的执照审核与培训。
This office license all taxi drivers in London and provide training.
自1851年开始，所有出租车司机必须通过“伦敦道路交通知识”，包括记住伦敦两万五千条街道以及他们如何相连，记住出入伦敦的所有主要干道，以及一千多家著名景点、政府机关以及餐饮咖啡店
All taxi drivers since 1851 must pass the London Knowledge Test, which means they have to remember 25000 streets in London and have them all interconnected, all the main roads in and out of London, plus 1000 places of interests, public offices and cafes.
5. Win-win Solutions

穷人不应为生物多样性的保护工作付出代价 Poor people should not pay the price for the biodiversity protection.
现在的争议是，能否在保障经济发展、摆脱贫困的同时，不损害生物多样性。 There is a debate about whether you can keep economic growth which can solve the poverty issues without damaging biodiversity.
答案是，几乎不可能在环保、经济发展、脱贫这三者之间找到一个双赢的平衡点。 The answer is that it is impossible to reach a win-win solution among conservation, development and poverty.
比如，如果把生物多样性定位目标，那么势必就会牺牲经济发展和穷人的利益。 If you set bio-diversity as your goal, you run the risk of hurting the poor and the economy.
发达国家和工业化国家目前都在权衡左边这条线：生物多样性和经济发展的矛盾和平衡点。 Developed countries and industrialized countries are often concerned about the conflict on the first axis between biodiversity and economic growth.
但是发展中国家面临的还有右边这条线，也就是说他们还要顾虑贫困人口的利益，因此局面变得更加复杂。 But developing countries are the third axis which involves poverty, which will make the situation more complex.
注意：视频中仅有短暂时间显示ppt，ppt短暂出现后再次切回老师单独画面。
6. Wind power 风力发电
主题是风力发电
The lecture talks about wind power plant.
这个装置可以将风力变成机械能，用于水力泵或发电装置
It is a device that can convert wind into mechanism energy, which can be used for waterpower pump or electricity generator.
涡轮受风速、帆的数量，帆的区域和帆对风的角度等因素影响
The turbine created depend on the wind speed, the number of sails, the area of sails and the angles that sails make to the wind.
弯曲帆片的角度，风打到帆片上，就会产生风能
As bending the angle of the blades, the wind hits them and could turn the blades, and then you can use it for powering things.
我们可以制作简单的风车装置来驱动电子产品
We could make simple windmills to drive electronic devices.
7. Shy Fish and Bold Fish 胆小鱼群实验
一项针对棘鱼的研究标明，害羞的鱼群会倾向于跟随同样害羞的鱼群。棘鱼喜欢跟随大部队行动。 A new study of fish called sticklebacks shows that shy fish actually prefer to follow fish that are similarly shy, because sticklebacks have a personality of following leaders.
在这个实验中，实验者让鱼群跟随胆大的领队鱼和胆小的领队鱼。 So in the experiment, a bold fish and a shy fish both lead other fish.
实验结果标明：胆小的鱼群喜欢跟着胆小的领队走，而胆大的鱼群不在乎是谁在领队。 The result shows shy follower fish only emerge when there is a shy leader fish out there. But bold follower fish fish don't care who is leading.
在Biology Letters期刊中，研究者称：棘鱼喜欢追随性格相投的鱼，但胆大的鱼无论在什么样的鱼群中，都更容易成为领队。 So in the journal Biology Letters, researchers said sticklebacks prefer to follow a fish who has a similar personality. But bold fish are always able to impose their leadership whoever they are with.
8. The Springtime Phe
随着地球气温的暖化，春季现象（例如开花）来临的越来越早了。 As the Earth's temperature is rising, springtime phenomena—like the first bloom of flowers—are getting earlier and earlier.
但是气温升高并不是唯一的元凶。城市的光污染也是让春季现象提早的原因之一。 But rising temperatures aren't the only factor. Urban light pollution is also quickening the coming of spring.
昆虫学家收集了13年来自英国的数据，发现光污染会让早春植物发芽的时间提前整整一个星期。 The entomologist compiled 13 years of data from the UK and found that light pollution pushed bud burst a full week earlier.
而幼虫会根据发芽的时间来对应他们孵卵的时间，鸟类又会根据幼虫的数量来决定它们孵蛋的时间。 Caterpillars are trying to match their hatching to the timing of bud burst, and nesting birds are also trying to match their hatching to the number of caterpillars.
所以会出现连锁反应，光污染最终会影响鸟类的存亡。 So there will be a knock-on effect, and light pollution can ultimately affect the survival of birds.
9. Animal Behaviors [Why]
学习动物行为学，有许多原因。 There are many reasons of why we should study animal behavior.
第一，我们总是很好奇想知道动物为什么要那么做。 First, we are interested in understanding why animals do what they do.
第二，保护动物的生物学家要保护动物，就必须了解动物的行为。 Second, conservation biologists need to know what animals do if they want to save them.
有些时候你甚至无法预料你的研究走向会出现什么结果。 Sometimes you can’t predict the outcome of the research.
这本课本已经是第九版了，可见动物行为学这门学科的发展速度有多快，这个领域总在不停地发展。 This course textbook is the ninth edition, which shows you how fast this field is developing with lots of new developments.
10. Face Recognition 面部识别技术
上周，我们讨论了人们如何识别物体，以及识别物体的能力有多强。 Last week we talked about how people recognize objects and how well people recognize objects.
今天我们会讨论人脸。 Today we are going to look at the human face.
我们都是很擅长识别人脸的 We’re really expert at recognizing faces.
我们要思考：如何利用视觉上的信息，把它转换成一种形式，这个形式可以把一个人脸对应到一个人名上边 We should think about how do we take that visual information and how do we transform it into a form which allows us to put a name to a face.

11. Universal philosophy 普遍哲学
普遍哲学是适用于全世界每个人的。 Universal philosophy applies to everyone in the world.
虽然听起来奇怪，但自由主义认为：有同样的价值结构适用于我们所有人。 It seems strange, but liberal theory says there are same value structures that apply to all of us.
比如，为什么体育运动是全球性的？为什么全球所有人都踢足球？就是因为这其中蕴含着全球统一的所有人都要遵守的规则。 Why is sport universal? Why does everybody play football? It's because the values are specified at the top. We all have to abide by just these rules.
尽管有一些规则不一样，比如巴西足球和意大利足球不一样，但总还是存在一些普遍规则的。 Although there are some specific rules that vary among countries, such as Brazil football and Italian football, we acknowledge that there are universal general rules to apply to everybody.
12. .Art and culture 艺术
历史上伟大的文明，它们都有伟大的文化和艺术的生产。 All of the great civilization have great production of culture and art.
艺术让我们了解当时的人们如何看待个人，如何与当时的社会结构相联系。 Art help us understand how people think of themselves and how people are related to social structure at that time.
艺术是载体。艺术是镜子。 Art is the vehicle. Art is the mirror.
1. australian export

澳大利亚一直以来都在担心澳洲的出口是和北美、英国脱离的 Australian has been worried that it is isolated from North America and UK.
但自从中国成为仅次于日本的澳大利亚第二大出口国，亚洲就成为了澳大利亚的最佳出口目的地。澳大利亚也终于找到了自己的位置。 But since China became the second largest exporter after Japan, Asia became Australia’s best export destination. And Australia finally found its own place.
最近中国崛起改变了世界局势，并且影响了澳大利亚 In recent years, the rise of China has changed the world situation, and influenced Australia as well.
澳大利亚要借势利用中国崛起的优势 Australia should take advantage of China’s rise
2. Brain development

照读标题：主题是人类大脑的发育，主要是语言和认知能力的发育
The lecture talks about human brain development which contains language and cognition.
黄色线：sensing pathways从出生前开始产生，三个月大时到达顶峰
The sensing pathways which include vision and hearing starts when babies were born and peaks at 3 month old, subsides around 4 years old.
蓝色线：语言能力从出生开始，到九个月大时到达顶峰
The language skill increases from newborn and peaks at 9 month old, and subsides around 4 years old.
橙色线：高等认知功能从出生前已经存在，一岁时到达顶峰
The higher cognitive function starts the earliest before babies were born, but peaks later at 1 year old, and subsides around 16 years old.
3. Darkness between g

这是一张银河系的照片，是NASA拍到的一张迄今为止最大的照片 This is a photo of thousands of galaxies, which is the largest photo so far taken by NASA.
没有版权，耗费了一个多月的时间拍摄完成，用了Hubble Ultra-Deep Field It is copyright free. It took more than a month to produce this photo by using Hubble Ultra-Deep Field.
银河系最深的秘密，就是银河系的黑暗。银河系其实并不是黑暗无光的。 The deepest mystery of galaxies is the darkness of galaxy, because galaxies are not dark actually.
但为什么晚上的天空是黑色的呢，这是科学家们一直以来试图解答的问题。 But why is the sky dark at night? This is the question that scientists are trying to understand.
4. Bomb calorimeter

弹式测热仪用来测量食物中的热量 Bomb calorimeter is used to calculate how much energy is contained in food.
它可以测出食物中所含热量 The thermometer can calculate the energy contained in the food.
弹式测量仪只能测量食物中的热量，但不能测试人体所消化吸收的能量。 Bomb calorimeter can measure the heat of the food but cannot measure the digestible energy that people intake.
5. Air Pollution 空气污染

大量的燃烧导致了温室气体排放，这是全球变暖和气候变化的最大元凶 Increasing combustion which leads to greenhouse gases emissions is the major cause of global warming and climate change.
除了温室气体的排放，烟尘排放其实是另一个对人体健康危害更大的威胁 But soot emissions (烟尘排放) is another bigger threat to humans health which makes people live shorter.
并不是说我们可以忽略二氧化碳的排放 It is not to say that we should ignore carbon dioxide emissions and greenhouse gases
但烟尘排放对人体的伤害是二氧化碳的1.25倍 It is that soot emission is one quarter more harmful to health than carbon dioxide is.
并且，降低烟尘排放是目前短期内应对全球变暖的最快最简单的方法 Also, the reduction of soot emission is the quickest and easiest way to tackle global warming in short-term.
6. Children Obesity 儿童肥胖问题

百分之二十的美国孩子有过度肥胖的问题 There are 20% of children in the USA today have obesity. (音频仅为类似音频，图片与参考答案为真实考题）
心脏病在孩子中变得越来也常见，最小年纪是5岁 As a result, heart diseases have become more and more common among children. The smallest is 5 years old.
心脏疾病的病例年龄越来越小 Cases of heart attack and other health problems are happening earlier.
必须尽快解决，否则还有更严重的疾病，例如二型糖尿病，中风，肾衰竭等 This has to be solved because overweight will lead to more serious situations, such as Type 2 Diabetes, kidney failure and strokes.
7. The Large Hadron Co

大型强子对撞机（LHC）是世界上最大且最强的例子加速器。科学家们用它来还原大爆炸之后的宇宙初始状态。
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the largest and the most powerful particle accelerator in the world. It is used to recreat the conditions of space after the big bang at the start of the universe.
LHC在一条长达27公里的隧道中。可以产生每秒140万次粒子对撞。
LHC is operated in a tunnel of 27km long. It can create 1.4 million times of collisions per second.
每一次粒子对撞都会产生7兆电子伏，是目前人类通过粒子对撞能产生的最强能量。
Each particle beam collision will generate 7 TeV (teraelectron volt), which is the largest energy man-made collision of particle beams.
LHC中央核心的磁铁的操作环境比绝对零度仅仅高出1.9K（开氏度），比外太空温度2.7K（开氏度）还要低。
The LHC's main magnets operate at a temperature of 1.9 K (读作degree Kelvin) over the absolute zero, which is even colder than the temperature of the outer space 2.7 K (读作degree Kelvin).
8. Civilization 人类文明

随着贸易的发展，渡轮可以把人们和货物带往更远的地方。 With the development shipping and trade, ships and trades can take people and goods to places that are very far away.
人类的智慧让地球变得更小，但是这同时也导致了一系列环境问题。 Intelligence can make the world smaller. But this will bring a lot of environmental problems on the planet.
人类文明的进程是一个不断犯错又不断修正的过程。但是保护环境刻不容缓，我们不能再一直这样下去了。 Human civilization is a process of trial and error. But we cannot afford to trail and error anymore. It is the time now to stop damaging the environment.
9. Biomedical Enginee

   今天我们来聊，什么是生物学工程。 Today we will talk about biomedical engineering.
这张X光的照片就是个很好的例子。 This picture of X-ray will be a good example.
你可以看到X射线是如何与人体组织之间产生反应，从而可以看出我们体内有什么。 You can see how the X-ray interacts with the tissues of your body, and you can also see what is inside your body.
这个明亮的区域是心脏，旁边还有血管。黑色的区域是肺部。 The bright area is the heart with some vessels around. The dark area is the lung.
10. Mars and Earth 地球和火星

这个讲座对比了地球和火星的条件，以及火星是否适宜人类居住。 This lecture compares the conditions on the earth and Mars, as well as the habitability of Mars.
火星和地球有一些相同点，比如南北两极，大气层，水中气候。 There are some similarities such as polar caps, atmospheres and water climate.
但是其实火星和地球还是有很大的不同的。即使在地球上最不宜居住的地区跟火星的其他地区也特别不同 But Mars and the earth also have lots of difference. Even the most inhabitable areas on the earth are way different from those on Mars.
这个讲座也描述了在地球和火星上表层和地下不同形式的水（水文学） The lecture also describes different forms of water (hydrology) on the surface and underground of the earth and Mars.
11. Image of animals 动物图像
怎样去发现动物的图像？ How to find images of animals? (PPT: 6 trillion triangles)
怎样利用电脑构图动物？如果我们能使用更多的三角构图，我们就能看到更多的细节。 How to use computers to image animals. The more triangles we use, the more details we can see.
12. Interval training 间歇性训练
间歇性训练是一种将高强度训练和低强度训练交替进行的运动方式。比如你可以先跑20米的速度，再跑30米的速度。 Interval training is that you work out in a way that alternate periods of high-intensity exercise with low-intensity recovery periods, which means you do the excise at 20m speed, and then at 30m speed.
间歇性训练经常用于提高运动员的身体素质。 Interval training has been often used for athletes and their sports.
间歇性训练可以很好地提高心肺有氧的练习效果 Interval training can accelerate cardio and aerobic excises.
13. .Bilingual Parents 双
   现在很多家长在家里和孩子用不止一种语言交流 Many parents now like to use two languages to communicate and educate their children.
因为有些父母本身就会多种语言，或者父母来自不同国家 It might because the parents know several different languages, or each of them comes from different countries.
大多数这样的父母以为，每个人说两种语言会对孩子的语言学习能力有帮助 Most of these parents thought using two languages with their children can benefit their children’s language learning ability.
但其实如果每一个家长都用不同的语言去描述相同的内容，孩子们会觉得很混乱 But actually kids will get confused when each of their parents uses different language to describe the same content.
但如果每一个家长分别只和孩子说一种语言，那么孩子就会清楚很多 But if one parent uses stick to one language, and the other one uses another language, their children will not be confused any more.
14. .Internal and External Factors人类行为的内外因素
   人类行为的两大因素：内部因素和外部因素 The lecture talks about two determinants of human’s behavior, internal and external factors.
内部因素是人为因素，包括人们的信仰，想法，独立思考 The internal factor is the personal factor, including people’s belief and their individual thinking.
外部因素是环境因素，包括气温，气压，别人对自己的看法 The external factor is the environmental factor, including temperature, air pressure and how other people think about them.
人类行为由自己和环境来决定 Human’s behaviors are determined by themselves and the environment.
15. Solar Energy 太阳能
主题是太阳能 The lecture talks about solar energy.
使用太阳能的优点是，资源取之不尽 The advantage of using solar energy is we don’t need to worry about the supply.
储存太阳能最好的办法是将他转化成化学燃料 The best way to store solar energy is to transform it into chemical fuel.
太阳能的缺点是高成本，而且我们不能全天候使用 The drawbacks of solar energy is the high cost, and we cannot use it 24/7 (twenty-four seven).
科学家正在努力研究怎样可以在晚上使用太阳能 Scientists are working on how to use solar energy even at night.
16. .Creativity 创造力
   创造力有三要素：人，过程，产品这其中最重要的是过程。 There are three elements in creativity: Person, Process, and Product. Out of the three, Process is the most important.
文中还提到了这些词：social, materials, life, brain and build. The lecture also mentions social, materials, life, brain and build.
人类之所以存活下来就是因为人类的创造力 Human beings can survive because of their creativity.
17. Cosmic Civilization 宇宙文明
   宇宙行星中存在宇宙文明的可能性 The lecture talks about the possibility of existence of other cosmic civilizations.
每年宇宙中诞生 7 个星星，但是不是太热就是太冷，无法存活生命 Every year, there will have 7 stars be created, but most planets around them either too hot or too cold to appear life.
大约只有 20%的星球的条件可能有生命 Only 20% of all planets meet all necessary criteria that have chance to have life.
生命迹象的转变的可能性几乎为零 However, the change of appearance of life is very small, which is near 0.
很难再找到另一个宇宙文明了 It is very hard to find other cosmic civilizations.
18. .Aging 人口老龄化
   现在人口越来越多，人口老龄化严重 As the world population growth, aging population has become more serious.
美国的老龄化程度现在是13%，到了2030年将会是23% Aging percentage in the US is now 13% and is expected to be 23% in 2030.
日本和欧洲也是如此 The situation is the same in Japan and Germany.
比如德国到了2030年会有大概20%的人超过65岁 There will be more than 20% of German population aged over 65 years old in 2030.
人口老龄化和工业化有关 Aging problem is related to industrialization.
19. Glass Ceiling 女性
玻璃天花板是指在公司中某些弱势群体（女性、少数族裔）在晋升到高级职位时遇到的障碍。 A glass ceiling is a metaphor used to represent an invisible barrier that keeps a given demographic (typically applied to minorities) from rising beyond a certain level in a hierarchy
女性角色 women role
外科手术中占主动地位 leadership in surgery
做决策 making decisions
20. Jlpb:Hubble Telescope 哈
   世上有许多有用的仪器，天文望远镜就是其中之一。 There are many kinds of equipment, such as telescope.
望远镜被人们放置在沙漠或山上。 Telescope have been placed in deserts and mountains.
望远镜应该被放在更高的地方。 They should be placed as high as possible.
有些天文望远镜被带上了太空，比如哈勃天文望远镜。 Some telescopes are placed into the space, like Hubble Telescope.
哈勃天文望远镜向地球传输了许多关于宇宙的信息，我们由此可以对宇宙有更深入的了解。 They have transmitted much information about the universe so that we can have a better understanding about the universe.

因为我笔记的时候好像有的顺序是乱序的，不知道，可能有的文章没有总结完成，但是下面的基本上是我总结后35篇比较保险的文章框架笔记，如果不看，也请自己好好总结一套，不管对于做题还是复习都很有帮助

杲杲 · 发表于 2023-3-5 18:00:53

1. 男女：两个人成绩不一样；女生英语好，数学都一样；有3个影响因素，老师也很重要
2. 澳洲出口：澳洲出口欧美；中国屈居第二，中国改变世界局势，澳大利亚借势
3. 大脑发育：大脑语言认知，感知黄色3月到顶峰；语言蓝色9月到顶峰；高等认知橙色1岁到顶峰
4. 银河：NASA照片，没有版权，一个多月，哈勃远区；最深秘密，黑暗无光，晚上天黑，试图解答
5. 仪器：测食物热量，不测消化热量
6. 霾：燃烧导致温室气体排放，是全球变暖和气候变化的元凶，烟尘排放不能忽略伤害更大；降低排放是最好办法
7. 猩猩打字：时间长出现生命，猴子打字4个Trillion，理论可以几乎不能。
8. 肥胖：
a. 无图：五分之一美国人肥胖，5岁心脏病年龄变小；须尽快解决，否则更严重，二型糖尿病，中风肾衰竭
b. 读图：5岁心脏病，年龄变小须尽快解决，
9. 教学：求知欲，发明只是副产品；当工具，新想法变新途径。重在启发，stimulating and motivating
10. LHC：粒子加速器，还原宇宙初始状态；长隧道多次碰撞；产生电能；温度很低
11. 人类文明：船把货运到远方；地球变小引发环境问题；保护环境刻不容缓
12. X光：生物学工程；X光照片；X光和人体组织反应；心脏血管肺部
13. 火星地球：火星能否住人，相同点，不同点更多，水形式不一样
14. 基本上读图，云：什么是云，怎么形成；云中有污染，可降水；来自于海洋空气；后果
15. 幸福指数：Bhudan采用国民幸福指数；取得成效；唯一成功的国家；很多国家感兴趣；
16. 出租：伦敦出租车；到达会场；成立公共运输局；培训司机；记住交通知识和道路
17. 动物图像：电脑三角构图；看更多细节
18. 双赢：能否在保障经济发展、摆脱贫困的同时，不损害生物多样性。
a. 不能找不到平衡点；牺牲穷人利益经济发展；形成矛盾，局势复杂，
19. 间歇性训练：高低强度交替进行；提升身体素质；有氧训练
20. 双语：家里两种语言交流，父母不同国家，看似帮助孩子实则语言混乱，分别只说一种语言最好
21. 人类行为：内部因素：人为；外部因素：环境，行为由自己和环境决定
22. 风力发电：风变机械能，影响因素，产生风能；驱动电子产品
23. 太阳能：取之不尽，变成化学燃料，高成本，能不能晚上用
24. 创造力：人过程产品；人类存活因为创造力
25. 宇宙文明：7颗星星太热太冷，20%可能有生命；可能为0 ，很难找到。
26. 老龄化：美国13-23；日欧德国30年20%，工业化
27. 棘鱼：鱼害羞喜欢大部队，实验证明，胆小跟着胆小，胆大不在乎谁领队，胆大容易成为领队。
28. 变暖：早春；变暖光污染，早发芽，早孵化，连锁反应导致鸟类死亡
29. 女性在晋升到高级职位时遇到的障碍。手术主动地位，做决策
30. 过度捕捞：农业渔业，海鲜是亚洲主要来源，1/3来自海，现在越来越少了。
31. 动物行为学：想做什么，保护动物，无法预料结果，发展很快
32. 父亲：扮演角色，感到安全，有责任感
33. 识别物体：人脸，视觉信息和人名
34. 哲学：自由主义，所有人需要遵守规则，虽然不一样但是有普遍规则
35. 艺术：伟大的文明社会结构，载体镜子

杲杲 · 发表于 2023-3-5 18:01:24

1. .A business doesn’t want to make a loss - what does it want to make?- - Profit
2. .What would call a doctor who sells prescribed medicines? - - Pharmacist / Chemist.
3. .What is the legal document protecting someone's intellectual property? - - Patent
4. .What would you call a specialist who repairs leaking water pipes?-- Plumber 水管工
5. .At what ceremony do students receive their degree or diploma at the end of their period of study? -–Graduation 毕业
6. .Apples and cherries come under which category? -- Fruits.
7. .What do you call the person who faces you in a court?- – Judge
8. .What is the ceremony where two people get married? - -Wedding.
9. .How many years are there in a millennium?- One thousand.
10. .What is the synonym of destiny?- - Fate.
11. .How would you call people who study ancient bones, rocks and plants?- - Paleontologist. 古生物学者
12. .If you need to use a different currency, what do you need to do? - - Exchange. 交换
13. .In addition to A, E, what are the other three vowel letters?- - I, O, U.
14. .What is the word to describe the process of bringing goods from foreign countries and then selling it in this country? - - Import.
15. .In which direction does the Sun arise from? -- East
16. .What do you call a group of mountains?- - Range.
17. .What is the opposite of majority? - Minority
18. .What are winter, spring, summer and autumn?- – Seasons
19. .What do we call a period of  years?- — Century
20. .What do we call the alphabetical list, at the end of the book that tells you where to find specific information?- —Index
21. .What is the summary at the beginning of an academic paper called? - - Abstract 抽象的
22. .What do you call a very long essay, that students have to write for a doctor's degree? - —Thesis or dissertation论文
23. .Who is the person who works in a hospital and can do operations?-–Surgeon. 外科医生
24. .What does the acronym A.S.A.P stand for?-– As soon as possible
25. .When you bake a cake, where do you put the tray into?- Oven.
26. .What instrument is used for measuring temperature? - Thermometer 温度计
27. .What are the joints called when your legs meet the rest of your body? - - Hip.  屁股
28. .When it’s raining, what object would you raise over your head?- - Umbrella.
29. .What kind of protector does a motorbike rider wear to protect his head? - –Helmet
30. .What do you call a period of ten years? - – A decade
31. .What do we call the site of a college or university's buildings? - - Campus
32. .Where would you go to see an exhibition of art works? - Gallery
33. .Which sweet food do bees produce?- – Honey
34. .Who is a person that makes bread, cakes and pastries?- – Baker
35. .In what industry do you work if your job is to extract minerals from below the Earth's surface?- - Mining
36. .What is the private teacher who gives you lessons outside school hours? - - Tutor
37. .If someone has a couple of kids, how many kids does he have?-- Two
38. .In what room do scientists usually do experiments? - Laboratory.
39. .What do you call the red liquid that transports oxygen through your body?- Blood.
40. .What is the word for a book that someone writes in order to tell the story of their own life?--Autobiography. 自传
41. .What is the act of sending goods to another country for sale called?- - Export.
42. .What are the mountains that can erupt?- - Volcano.
43. .What shape has four sides of the same length? -- Square
44. .What is the line where the sky meets the land?- Horizon.
45. .How would you describe the process when snow becomes water?- - Thaw. 融化
46. .What is the word or expression that has the same or nearly the same meaning as another word in the same language? - - Synonym. 同义词
47. .A newspaper is published everyday, and a journal is published every month. What do you call the
48. publication that is published four times a year? -- Quarterly 季度的
49. .What's the relationship between two people sharing the same opinion? - - Agreement.
50. .What is the job that people fly an airplane? - - Pilot.
51. .What do the following belong to: roses, daisies, tulips, etc?- - Flowers
52. .What does IT stand for?- – Information Technology
53. .What are apartments, houses, and flats called? - - Properties
54. .What do we call a person who studies the past? - – Historian
55. .How would you describe someone who can speak two languages?- – Bilingual.
56. .Which organ is the blood pumped from? - - Heart.
57. .What is the horizontal line that separates the globe into two same halves? - - Equator.
58. .What word means the opposite of artificial? - - Natural.
59. .What do we call trouser-like clothing worn for sports that ends above the knee?- - Shorts.
60. .What are the two holes in your nose that you use to breathe? - - Nostrils.
61. .Which part of a birds’ body is used for flying?- - Wings.
62. .What do we call a car that uses two types of fuels?- – Hybrid car.
63. .What would you call a doctor who treat sick animals? - - Vet. 兽医
64. .If a magazine is published quarterly, how many times a year is it published?- - Four
65. .What is the magazine that is dedicated to academic news? - - Academic journal.学术日志
66. .Apart from addition, subtraction, and division, what is the other mathematical calculation method? - -Multiplication 乘法
67. .What do you throw underwater to keep ships staying on rivers or oceans without drifting away? - - Anchor.锚
68. .What is the occupation that transfers one language to another language?- - Translator.
69. .What do you call the two children who were born at the same time?- Twins.
70. .What do you call a baby cat? - Kitten.
71. .What do you call a photograph of a person's face seen from the side?- - Profile. 侧面
72. .What do you hear after a flash of lightning? - - Thunder. 雷
73. .What do people usually use to cut food? - Knife
74. .Some people use right hands to write, then who are the people using left hands to write? - Left-handed /Lefty / Sinistral 左撇子
75. .Number , , ,  are odd numbers, then what are number , , ? - Even numbers.
76. .What do you call a health professional who can help you with your mental health? - - Psychologist. 心理学家
77. .When we say someone is doing the B.A. in history or literature in the university, what does B.A. stand for? - -Bachelor of Arts.
78. .What do you call the five parts at the front of your foot? - - Toes
79. .Where do marine animals live? - - Ocean / Sea.
80. .What is the legal relationship between a husband and wife? - - Marriage.
81. .How to describe the two lines that have crossed each other and never meet again? - - Intersecting lines.相交线
82. .What do you call young dogs?- - Puppies.
83. .What is the antonym of export? - - Import.
84. .What object have three legs that can provide a support for a camera or a telescope? - - Tripod. 三脚架
85. .What star does the Earth moves around? - - Sun.
86. .A sabbatical is a lengthy time away from what type of activity?- - Teaching
87. .What is the name for the remains of an Animal or plant preserved in rock?- - Fossil.
88. .What is the word for the arguments presented in court by the person accused of a crime or their lawyer? - -Testimony. 证词
89. .In a circle, what is the straight line from the centre point to its outer edge?- - Radius.
90. .What are the people who work on a ship or a plane? - - Crew. 全组人员
91. .What do you call the person who studies weather? - - Meteorologist. 气象学者
92. .What do we call a young cow? - - Calf. 小牛

以下是不那么高频的题
1. .Some calendars begin the week on Sunday, what is the other day which commonly starts a week?--Monday.
2. .What does the word TV stand for? - Television.
3. .What instrument do scientists use to see tiny elements that cannot been seen with naked eyes?-–Microscope
4. .What do you call someone who cannot see?- – Blind
5. .What is the important document that can prove you are eligible to drive a car?- – Driver's license
6. .What is the study of stars and planet called? - – Astronomy
7. .Which is the longest: a decade, a millennium or a century? - – A millennium
8. .Which one of the following is not a mythological animal, unicorn, giraffe, dragon or mermaid? - - Giraffe
9. .What do you call the diagram which includes a horizontal line called the X-axis and a vertical line called the Y-axis? - - Coordinate system.
10. .What is the opposite of 'guilty'? - - Innocent.
11. .When you are speeding on the road and pulled over by the police, what money would you need to pay?-Fine.
12. .When you have the primary, and the secondary, what do you have next? - - Tertiary. 第三
13. .What category do bees, butterflies, mosquitoes, and beetles belong to? - Insects.
14. .If a company requires its employees to wear identical clothes, what is the clothing called?- Uniform.
15. .What is the main building of a large company or an organization?- Headquarters. 总部
16. .What is another name for religious study? - - Theology.
17. .Who is the person who writes a piece of music, especially classic music? - - Composer.
18. .What is the antonym of maximum?- - Minimum
19. .What do we call the line between the sunset and the sea? - - Horizon.
可以不用看。

杲杲 · 发表于 2023-3-5 18:04:27

那么至此，咱们的speaking说就简单过了一遍，接下来就是令人身心愉悦的写作环节了，基本上在模板之上，想怎么写就怎么写，写多写少都行，200到300无所谓靠近那个点，因为可能你的文笔极差，写多错多，反而把整体的分数拉低了，这应该是我们非常不愿看到的情况。除此以外，老生考试可能遇到150词的10分钟小作文，遇到不要慌，按照200字模板，删去第二个原因就行了。但是目前这一类题遇到的还是比较少。

杲杲 · 发表于 2023-3-5 18:04:52

第一段：主题总结句（段落首尾）；二句三句一般不要
中间段：段落收尾总分结构
结尾段：找in short总结词
有however不要；Because后，but前不要，
同位语，解释说明不需要。
相同意思取舍，不同意思列举
抄句子时注意代词

错误
主谓不一致
缺少成分
时态不一致（一般现在时）
错误拼写--不同单词--内容--非英语--拼写

速读
找主题：现象，事务，观点
每段主旨：关键词，key phrases，（若独段注重收尾及转折词）
去除修饰
列出关键信息
去除不必要部分，
连接增减
语法拼写
一个句子一个SVO
检查拼写错误
不需：解释；描述；举例，定语从句部分
需要：观点，态度，语气，总结
大写单词是否重复，重复就是重点，出现一次就是细节
总结一下就是
Summarize written Text
While1 ,
2 because 3,
and/but 4 ,
so 5 ,
which means that 6

杲杲 · 发表于 2023-3-5 18:06:18

1. Plug-in vehicle 充电车
a. 在你早上开车离开之前，你会先拔掉你的插电车的电源。
b. 当你到达工作地点时，你会再次给你的汽车充电，这一次是插入一个插座，它能让电能从汽车的电池流向电网。
c. 你的电池好像没电了；发动机就会自动插电；这样你就可以完成你的旅程了。
d. 世界几乎完全依赖石油燃料运输是不可持续的。
2. The Rosetta stone 印刷石
a. 当罗塞塔石碑于1799年被发现时，覆盖在石碑表面的雕刻文字很快被复制。
b. 石头的表面不可避免地积累了许多层这些活动留下的物质，尽管人们试图清除任何残留物
c. 1999年，大英博物馆；
d. 当清理工作开始时，除了原始的、古老的材料，这块石头是黑色的，上面刻有白色的文字。
3. Water resource 水资源
a. 水资源及其提供的一系列服务是减贫、经济增长和环境可持续性的基础。
b. 在一个可在不久的将来实现的可持续世界中，水资源和相关资源的管理应支持社会福利和蓬勃发展的经济中的生态系统完整性。
c. 对水资源的开发、管理和利用以及对人权采取综合办法是一种规范。
d. 在一些有能力和有知识的组织的指导下，在公正和透明的体制框架内进行。
4. American English美语影响力
a. 美国英语是当今世界上最具影响力和影响力的英语变体。
b. 美国目前是地球上最强大的国家，这种力量总是伴随着它的影响力。
c. 美国的政治影响力是通过美国的流行文化
d. 美国英语在国际上的突出地位与通信技术的超高速发展密切相关。
5. Malaysia Tourism马来西亚旅游
a. 为了今年吸引2000万游客，马来西亚正在启动其有史以来最大的旅游活动。
b. 马来西亚是东南亚最令人愉快、最自由的国家之一。
6. Orbital Debris 轨道碎
a. 太空专家们一直担心，有朝一日，一小块高速飞行的轨道碎片可能会将一个大型航天器撞成数百块碎片，并引发连锁反应，
b. 科学家们一致认为轨道上的物体数量已经;超过了临界空间密度;也就是连锁反应不可避免的临界点
c. 所以我们数十亿美元的卫星正处于（碰撞的）危险之中。
7. Columbus哥伦布
a. 哥伦布;到达伊斯帕尼奥拉岛时
b. 最初发现他们和平友好;
c. 他们拥有黄金;但他们不愿意自己去采矿。
d. 征服者们把这个岛屿和岛上的印第安人分配给了西班牙人，这些西班牙人让印第安人充当奴隶，无意中让他们感染了欧亚疾病，并杀害了他们
e. 也就是哥伦布到达后的27年，原本50万的人口减少
8. Online teaching & online Learning网上教学
a. 在线教学的独特之处在于，它利用互联网作为主要的交流手段。
b. 你不需要在某个地方教书。
c. 在线学习也为学生提供了更多的自由。
d. 他们可以使用网络从他们所在的机构，甚至整个世界中搜索课程，
e. 他们可以组建虚拟教室，与来自不同地理位置的学生一起学习，建立传统教室中不可能的联系和友谊
9. Oil Price Decline 油价下降
a. 近几个月来，油价的暴跌已将英国通胀率拉低至零。
b. 但分析人士表示，零售价格的下跌不能完全归咎于石油。
c. 折扣零售商不断从老牌行业巨头那里抢夺市场份额，
d. 在线零售商的增长也压低了价格，部分原因在于，如果顾客在竞争对手的网站上发现了更便宜的商品，
e. 零售商的供应增加，
10. Frog amber 青蛙琥珀
a. 一只被保存在琥珀里的2500万年前的小树蛙。
b. 将是这种青蛙首次在墨西哥发现。
c. 人们还在琥珀块中发现了一些保存下来的蛙类
d. Carbot想从青蛙的遗体中提取样本，希望能找到DNA，以确定这一特定物种，但他怀疑主人是否会让他在石头上钻洞。
11. Children Allowance 给孩子零花钱
a. 因为孩子做家务而给他们零用钱不是一个好主意。
b. 然而，付钱给孩子让他们在家里做额外的工作是有用的
c. 它甚至可以让孩子了解企业是如何运作的。
d. 储蓄帮助孩子们理解昂贵的目标需要牺牲:你必须削减开支
e. 复利是通过在利息上支付利息来实现的
12. Technology Prediction 预测科技发展
a. IBM董事长曾预测；英国教育部；微软
b. 我们所有人，包括“专家”，似乎特别不善于预测我们的技术的可能发展，
c. 我们可以试着从以往技术的经验中进行推断，通过比较互联网技术与其他信息和通信技术的发展，并通过检查无线电和印刷的早期发展
d. 不过，我这样做的理据何在，仍是一个悬而未决的问题。
e. 相关的；在哪里可以在线找到关于它们的信息，
13. .Computer Programming for America and India 美印IT对比
a. 印度在这两方面都有绝对优势。
b. 它可以用更少的资金创建一套程序，也可以用更少的资金构建一组技术创新。
c. 美国在技术创新方面具有相对优势，部分原因是；相对容易获得资金。
d. 印度程序员将越来越多地做美国程序员过去一直在做的事情。
e. 美国企业将转向越来越多的创新。
14. Wine Industry 美国禁酒令
a. 《国家禁酒法》，禁止为饮料目的制造、销售、运输、进口、交付或拥有酒精饮料。
b. 这种果汁有时被制成浓缩物，是酿制葡萄酒的理想原料。
c. 政府干预，禁止了葡萄汁的销售，防止了非法葡萄酒生产。
15. Written Language 书面语言
a. 全世界都在努力提高读写能力，但现在这已经不那么重要了
b. 这是一个古老的IT，用来储存和检索信息。
c. 文本已经走过了它的历史历程，现在正在我们生活的各个领域被越来越多的新出现的文本所取代，
d. 这是人类技术进化中积极的一步，它具有巨大的潜力，可以对教育进行全面积极的重新设计。
16. Moving from City back to Countryside 搬回农村
a. 我知道这是个好主意，因为我以前去过那里。
b. 乡村生活的小缺点, 例如私人供水不畅；没有中央供暖系统
c. 我年轻的妻子；
d. 把一个温暖、坚固的梯形露台换成了一间狂风肆虐的收入低得多的农舍，让她相信乡村胜过了城镇可能是很困难的。
17. Skip Breakfast 不吃早餐
a. 不吃早餐也有缺点。
b. 不吃早餐会影响学习、记忆和身体健康。
c. 对学龄儿童来说，不吃早餐；身心健康
d. 影响成年人的思维
e. 一碗简单的麦片加牛奶就可以为一天提供足够的营养。
f. 婴儿和其他学龄前儿童很少不吃早餐
g. 这样早餐就变成了一种‘学到的体验
18. Compulsory Voting in UK 英国强制投票
a. 投票是让你的意见在你关心的问题上被听到的最重要的方式
b. 在上次英国大选中，投票率大幅下降。
c. 不受信任的政客以及投票的不便等。
d. 因此，政治家和大多数媒体应该共同努力鼓励人们投票。
19. Crime rate 犯罪率
a. 真实的犯罪水平；大约是年度统计数据中所记录犯罪水平的四倍。
b. 企业因为担心降低自己的公众形象而不报告针对自己的犯罪行为。
c. 公民；他们没有动机去告诉警察。
d. 一系列新的犯罪行为的颁布或者以新的方式进行旧犯罪行为的可能性
e. 内政部编制犯罪统计数据的方式
20. Plants research 植物研究
a. 植物是能源生产的一种来源。
b. 它们与气候变化密切相关，也是各种环境问题的主要因素，
c. 这些问题都不是相互独立的。
d. 植物研究有助于解决所有这些问题并走向未来。
e. 我们就需要将最先进的技术应用到植物生命的研究中
21. Museology 博物馆学
a. 博物馆、博物馆的历史和基本哲学，
b. 包括各种各样的观众
c. 专门到只涉及博物馆专业人员
d. 几乎涵盖了人类活动的每个领域；
e. 这个清单是无止境的, 这是一个广泛的调查领域, 几乎是所有人都关注的问题。
22. Double Blind 双盲关系
a. 未能成功保持双盲的审判被认为提供了较差的证据支持。
b. 尽管如此，将双盲试验视为必然优越是有问题的。
c. 它导致了一个悖论:非常有效的实验性治疗并不会得到最佳证据的支持。
d. 有较大影响的治疗，声称他们是有效的是高度可检验的，直觉上，他们应该从证据中得到更多的支持比声称有中等影响的治疗。
23. Primary Carers 主要照顾者
a. 初级护理员对老年人和残疾人的福祉做出了贡献。
b. 初级护理员更有可能帮助住在同一户人家的人
c. 初级护理员的年龄比其他护理员
d. 初级护理员中女性的比例高于
e. 女性进入劳动力市场的比例低于其他护理员
24. The Booksellers of Hookham and Carpenter 胡卡姆书店
a. Hookham；显示出女性购买女性小说的比例显著增加。
b. 这些女性贵族和绅士在她们自己的名下开户的事实表明，这些城市有钱的女性具有更大程度的自主权和独立性。
c. 女性可支配收入和闲暇时间的增加肯定是18世纪90年代女性小说销量大幅增长的原因，但这种增长也强烈表明，部分女性读者希望参与到这个充满政治色彩的年代。
25. House Mice 家鼠
a. 家鼠：是人类定居的理想标志生物
b. 增加通过考古数据已经知道的东西，并回答那些缺乏考古数据的重要问题。
c. 但家鼠已经成功地在每一个大陆上进行殖民活动
d. 先前研究；支持澳大利亚老鼠起源于不列颠群岛
e. 考古遗址中收集的古代老鼠DNA，以及现代老鼠的DNA。
f. 追踪老鼠的迁徙
26. Compulsory Reburial of Human Remains 残骸掩埋
a. 英国政府宣布，所有在英格兰和威尔士出土的人类遗骸将在经过两年的科学分析后重新埋葬。
b. 人类遗骸将有效地从保护过程中移除。
c. 考古学家和其他科学家也担心，这可能只是重新埋葬博物馆收藏的所有人类遗骸政策的第一步
27. Australian indigenous food 澳洲本地食物
a. 澳大利亚独特的饮食文化只能建立在本国本土食物的基础上
b. 尽管缺乏足够的理由认为，国菜必然是建立在本土食材的基础上的
c. 澳大利亚人并不会吃很多本土食物。
d. 丛林食物并没有收获或生产足够的数量
e. 如今，相比羊肉和百香果这两种最初进口现在已经归化的食物来说，澳大利亚本土的食物反而没有和与澳大利亚身份相关有太大关联，。
28. Office environment 工作环境
a. 办公空间在促进或抑制绩效方面发挥作用的观点得到了可靠研究的支持。
b. 员工周围的物理环境的改善对生产率的影响
c. 但有些公司并不仅仅满足于提高员工的健康水平、工作效率和满意度。
d. 已尝试创建能够发挥各种作用的办公室，从促进员工之间的合作到激发他们的创造力
29. Paleolithic people 旧石器时代祖先
a. 这些人是狩猎聚集者，他们只生活在他们能在大自然中找到的东西上，不从事农业或放牧。
b. 旧石器时代晚期的人们并没有生活在洞穴深处。
c. 靠近悬崖的山脚
d. 男人大多用长矛狩猎，
e. 工具和武器通常都有燧石切割的边缘。
f. 他们必须仔细考虑如何找到好的燧石模块和如何折断他们
30. Pre-service teachers 预备教师
a. 每门课程都有一个特定的教学大纲，强调了所需的特定技术。
b. 一些老师知道如何整合技术，而另一些则不知道。
c. 将会有导师帮助预备教师学习如何在课堂上整合技术和经验，并鼓励预备教师思考如何整合，这始终使他们可以随时在线学习。
31. Benefit of Honey to athletes 蜂蜜对运动员的好处
a. 为了获得竞争优势，运动员经常使用运动性能高的药物
b. 国家蜂蜜委员会最近发现
c. 蜂蜜对血糖的影响比其他常见形式的碳水化合物凝胶更温和。
d. 蜂蜜与蛋白质补充剂的组合，并提出蜂蜜能加速锻炼后肌肉的恢复。
32. Phoenician 腓尼基语
a. 最重要的是字母文字的传播，它在整个地中海地区被采用，
b. 腓尼基字母表是一种书写系统，只有22个符号，每个符号代表一个声音(音素)，
c. 但字母文字简单到可以很快学习，这意味着字母表适合长途商人的需要。
33. .Psychology 心理学
a. 心理学是研究人类行为的学科，
b. 心理学家采用多种方法来研究，但生物心理社会模型是更好的方法，
c. 因为人的思想和行为会受到生物学影响和各种社会情境的影响，
d. 所以人们应该结合各种角度来理解心理学。
34. Energy Demand 能源需求
a. 随着人口的增长，对资源的需求也在增加。
b. 非再生资源(如金属)的需求也在增加。
c. 对汽油、柴油和原油的需求也是巨大的，以应对制造塑料的需求。
35. The Importance of Soil 土壤的重要性
a. 土壤所含的微生物；创造了一个支持植物的生命系统
b. 健康的土壤；可以储存水；减少洪水的风险；减少农业排放。
c. 良好的土壤管理还能提高牲畜的疾病抵抗力，并最终为农民带来利润
d. 农业对化肥的依赖越来越大，
e. 但它也对土地的长期健康有不利影响:
36. Asda 阿斯达超市
a. 同时，由于知识转移合作伙伴关系，
b. 阿斯达已经成为第一家衡量消费者通过减少食物浪费可以节省多少钱的食品零售商，并试图实现大规模的可持续发展变革，
c. 该活动的重点是为消费者提供从食物储存和标签到剩菜创意食谱的各种建议，
d. 店内活动鼓励消费者做出改变，并雇用了一名助理来工作并帮助实现预期的结果。
37. Women’s Institutes 女权运动（outline only）
a. WI成立于100多年前，但性别平等尚未实现。
b. 男女工资差距仍然存在
c. 女性需要提高自己
d. 我们仍然有很多事情需要做；政府应该采取行动。
38. Different ways of learning languages 学习语言的不同途径
a. 语言教师一直在侧重于语言使用和侧重于语言形式或分析的教学方法之间交替。
b. 学习者；他们需要学习一门新的语言，而且他们在没有得到正式指导的情况下学习这门语言。
c. 他们可以学会足够的语言来满足他们的交流需要。
d. 有些学习者完全通过词汇语法课堂教学来接触新语言。
e. 他们也达到了一定程度的交流能力，
f. 有些人具有学习语言的天赋，无论在什么情况下都能成功。
39. Ecology and Climatology 生态学和气候学
a. 生态学是一门研究生物之间以及它们与环境之间相互作用的学科。
b. 气候学是研究大气的物理状态
c. 生物科学中的一门学科
d. 地球物理科学中的一门学科
e. 两者有着共同的历史
f. 这两门科学的起源分别归功于亚里斯多德和泰奥弗拉斯
g. 可追溯到自然史和植物地理学。
40. Raw Honey Health Benefits 原蜜对健康的好处
a. 如果你能改变你对精制糖的摄入，而使用纯蜂蜜，健康的好处是巨大的。
b. 生蜂蜜不会失去其难以置信的营养价值和健康功效。
c. 生蜂蜜有哪些好处?它可以帮助解决从低能量、睡眠问题到季节性过敏的所有问题。
d. 食用生蜂蜜甚至有助于减肥。
41. 谈判是业务中常见的过程，主要是为了解决双方的业务冲突。
a. 妥协是一种基本的谈判状态
b. 通常发生在不公平的一方，当有一个固定的馅饼要分
c. 双方都不能得到他们真正想要的所有东西，
d. 双方通常可以通过妥协达成双赢的理念。
e. 但是，如果一方不愿意解决问题，谈判就不能解决所有的冲突。
42. Eater of animal flesh 肉食者
a. 越来越多的科学共识认为，
b. 给动物喂食谷物和豆类是一种低效和奢侈的生产人类食物的方式，
c. 世界将很难提供；富含肉类的饮食；不是一种非常健康的饮食。
d. 挑战是说服富裕国家的人们少吃肉。
43. South Africa 南非
a. 南非的地区，人类居住了上千年。
b. San是这片土地的原始居民；生活在小群体中。
c. 大约两千年前，科伊科伊牧民迁移到海岸。
d. 索托-茨瓦纳人和恩古尼人在公元1200年左右来到这一地区。
e. 圣人和科伊科伊人因争夺猎物而发生冲突;
f. 最终科伊科伊人占据了统治地位
g. 被统称为科伊桑人。
44. .Independent workforce 独立工作
a. 数百万人汇集不同的收入来源，独立工作，
b. 为了更好地了解独立劳动力以及参与其中的人的动机，麦肯锡全球研究所(McKinsey Global Institute)调查了欧洲和美国的约8000名受访者。
c. 报告发现，在欧洲和美国，多达1.62亿人从事某种形式的独立工作。
d. 独立工作者基本上可以分为四个部分：自由职业者，
e. 临时工;不情愿的人；还有经济拮据的人，
45. Straw as building material “稻草房”
a. 我们的建筑与土木工程系领导了稻草作为一种低影响建筑材料的研究。
b. 现在已经达到了关键的行业认证。
c. 开发商和购房者现在可以为稻草房屋和建筑获得保险和抵押贷款。
d. 新房子中创新的稻草墙提供了比目前英国建筑法规要求的两倍多的隔热性能。
e. 稻草建筑可以是负碳的，因为稻草在生长过程中吸收了CO2。
46. Brain waves 脑电波
a. 大脑充满了电活动。脑电波是由大量神经细胞在大脑周围的协调放电产生的。
b. 这些信号被称为神经元振荡
c. 长期以来，研究人员一直在争论这些电波是否有目的，以及这些目的可能是什么。
d. 电波是大脑运作的重要组成部分。
e. 其他研究也支持这一观点。
47. The National Oceanography Centre 国家海洋学中心
a. 国家海洋学中心(NOC)正在研究开发深海矿物资源的潜在风险和收益，
b. 英国国家石油公司；探险
c. NOC还领导了一项国际研究，证明深海结核开采将对深海生物造成长期损害，
d. 到2050年，地球上将有90亿人口，人们的注意力越来越多地转向海洋，特别是深海
48. Dandelion seeds 蒲公英种子
a. 这一发现证实了这种普通植物是自然界最好的飞行家之一。
b. 它表明，在其降落伞状的刚毛束周围和内部的空气运动使种子能够传播很远的距离—
c. 蒲公英的多孔降落伞可能会激发小型无人机的开发，这种无人机只需要很少或不需要电力消耗。
d. 这种无人机可用于遥感或空气污染监测。

降频区
1. 2014 Olympics 2014年奥林匹克
a. 重大体育赛事；作为全球气候网络的一部分。
b. 体育赛事是该网络的最新参与者，对激励进一步的全球环境行动尤为重要。
c. 这些投资将专门用于改善交通基础设施，抵消电力使用、空中旅行和地面交通造成的温室气体排放，重新造林索契国家公园，以及城市绿化带的发展。
2. Ageing in Australia 澳洲老龄化
a. 人口老龄化是澳大利亚决策者面临的一个重大问题
b. 劳动年龄人口的增长将放缓，而退休年龄人口的比例将增加。
c. 这种情况发生的速度取决于生育率、死亡率和海外移民的动态。
d. 这篇文章检视了澳大利亚和日本的人口结构，以及塑造各自人口的人口力量
3. Geothermal Energy 地热能
a. 能源需求不断增加；对东非来说，专家们认为地热能是解决问题的答案。
b. 地热能的工作原理是把水抽到基岩中，在那里加热后以蒸汽的形式返回地表，直接用作热源或驱动电力生产。
c. 肯尼亚；望到2020年将其地热能供应
d. 位于地球上最薄的大陆地壳上。
4. The Greenland Sharks 格陵兰鲨
a. 格陵兰鲨鱼；最长寿的脊椎动物。
b. 以海豹为食；有北极熊和鲸鱼的遗骸。
c. 它也是最大的鲨鱼种类之一，
d. 需要更多的信息来确保该物种得到充分的保护，
e. 保护它们免受过度捕捞、污染或气候变化的影响。
f. 我们将能够充分利用任何我们发现的任何鲨鱼。”
5. Solar Power 太阳能
a. 但其高昂的成本和依赖于地理位置的效率限制了它的吸引力。
b. 它的许多优势也值得进一步发展，甚至可能适用于住宅。
c. 因为它是一种既可再生又清洁的能源。
d. 减少全球变暖
e. 维护和维修费用非常合理。
6. Reading Aloud 大声朗读
a. 大声读出来回顾你的作品可以帮助你找出最模糊的地方。
b. 如果你的文章听起来太呆板和复杂，你应该能够把它转换成演讲，
c. 最有效的方式是用一个简短而强调的词来结束我们的观点。
d. 用简单的语言和语法来阐述复杂的观点会让人印象深刻得多。
7. Ethics 伦理道德
a. 伦理学是一套道德义务，它定义了我们在实践和决策中的对错。
b. 许多职业都有一个正式的道德实践体系，帮助指导该领域的专业人士。
c. 违反职业道德被认为是非常严重的，至少在职业范围内会受到惩罚
d. 科学伦理要求在科学实践的各个阶段都要诚实和正直
e. 科学伦理深深融入了科学家的工作方式，
8. Is language natural? 语言是先天能力吗？
a. 当人们开始思考语言时，第一个问题是：语言对人类来说是自然的吗?
b. 被称为先天-后天之争，已经被讨论了几个世纪。
c. 年重新出现在语言学领域。当时语言学家诺姆·乔姆斯基(Noam Chomsky) 针对哈佛大学心理学家B.F.斯金纳
d. （这本书）声称可以“解释”语言是多年来逐渐形成的一套习惯。
9. Prior knowledge 先验知识
a. 先验知识或预先存在的知识)是指学习者在新的学习过程中所具备的知识、技能或能力。
b. 理解来学习新事物; 将新的和以前的知识联系起来。
c. 经历“激活先验知识”这个过程是值得的。
d. 就教学理论而言，这个过程与激活特定模式（图式）有关。
10. Positive mindset 积极心态
a. 当人们以积极的心态工作时，几乎每个层面的表现都会提高
b. 大多数人认为成功在快乐之前，
c. 但培养积极心态的人在面对挑战时表现得更好，
d. 另一个常见的误解是，我们的基因、环境或两者的结合决定了我们有多快乐，
e. 但你培养的习惯和你与同事互动的方式可以增加你的快乐。
11. A flow state [原文尚不完整]
a. 当处于心流状态时，人们高度投入并专注于他们正在做的事情。
b. 心流体验会以不同的方式出现在不同的人身上。它通常发生在你在做你喜欢做的事，并且你很擅长的时候。
c. 这种状态通常与创造性艺术有关，然而，它也可能发生在从事运动时。

由于时间比较紧迫，这一次我没有太多的时间对于这一pART编写顺口溜，看看今晚复习情况，反正这个部分也不需要，基本上就是前面所说的拆分找句子的思想和技巧把握住了就OK

杲杲 · 发表于 2023-3-5 18:07:36

然后就是作文了
先说模板，用一套吃遍天，就行了，现在没有那么多的时间背好几篇了，
In recent years, whether( 抄写原⽂ )has caused numerous controversies and drawn the attention of the public. Some people insist that(句⼦改写), and I approve of this viewpoint because of individual and social reasons.

First and foremost, it has been argued that the individual reason is why I think it is necessary for sb to do sth. Though potentially negative impacts of(关键词)must have to be taken into account, I still reckon that（关键词)can bring many benefits to our daily lives. For example, a well-known American scientist once said that(关键词)could make our lives more efficient.

Furthermore, the social reason is another factor that should be considered, which in other words,(句⼦改写). As far as governments are concerned, the ultimate goal of governments is to maintain and promote the well-being of society, so (关键词) plays an important role in our whole society. For instance, recent research published in the Economist revealed that more than half of people think the government should value the importance of(关键词) and provide more financial support.

In conclusion, I firmly believe that(关键词)has more advantages than disadvantages. To address this issue, individuals and society should make a concerted effort.

190 黄字是教育模板
In recent years, whether( 抄写原⽂ )has caused numerous controversies and drawn the
attention of the public. Some people insist that(句⼦改写), and I approve of this
viewpoint because of individual and social(educational) reasons.
近年来，是否( 抄写原⽂ )引起了许多争议并引起了公众的关注。有些⼈坚持认为（句⼦改
写），由于个⼈和社会原因，我赞成这种观点。

First and foremost, it has been argued that the individual reason is why I think it is
necessary for sb to do sth. Though potentially negative impacts of(关键词)must have to
be taken into account, I still reckon that（关键词)can bring many benefits to our daily
lives. For example, a well-known American scientist once said that(关键词)could make
our lives more efficient.
⾸先，最重要的是，有⼈认为个⼈原因是为什么我认为（同意的观点）。尽管必须考虑（关键
字-观点）的潜在负⾯影响，但我仍然认为（关键字）可以为我们的⽇常⽣活带来很多好处。例
如，⼀位著名的美国科学家曾经说过，（关键字）可以使我们的⽣活更有效率。

Furthermore, the social (educational) reason is another factor that should be considered, which in
other words,(句⼦改写). As far as governments(schools) are concerned, the ultimate goal of
Governments(schools) is to maintain and promote the well-being of society(shape the young people into our whole society), so (关键词) plays an important role in our whole society. For instance, recent research published in The
Economist revealed that more than half of people think the government should value the
importance of(关键词) and provide more financial support.
此外，社会原因是应该考虑的另⼀个因素，换句话说，就是(句⼦改写)。就政府⽽⾔，政府的最
终⽬标是维持和促进社会福祉，因此（关键词）在我们整个社会中都发挥着重要作⽤。例如，
最近发表在《经济学⼈》上的研究表明，超过⼀半的⼈认为政府应该重视（关键词）的重要性并
提供更多的财政⽀持。

In conclusion, I firmly believe that(关键词)has more advantages than disadvantages. To
address this issue, individuals and society should make a concerted effort.
总⽽⾔之，我坚信（关键词）胜于弊。为了解决这个问题，个⼈和社会应该共同努⼒。

同意不同意
第一段:
s1 There is no doubt that (改写题目中所描述的主题/现象)
s2 Some people point out that 同意的观点, whereas others would believe that 不同意的观点. [超字数时,这句话可以删掉
s3 Personally speaking, I firmly agree/disagree that 我的观点(照抄题目中的说辞,不用改写) , which can be supported by the reasons as follows.

第二段:
s1 The first and the most important reason for my belief is that (原因1)
s2 To be more specific, (“具体体现在…",句子尽量写长、具体)
s3 This can be established by a recent study by Oxford University, which stated that 76% of people…

第三段:
s1 On the other hand, the second reason for this argument is that (原因2)
s2 To illustrate, (“具体体现在…",句子尽量写长、具体)
s3 According to the annual report of the Australian government, more than 70% of the citizens…

第四段:
S1 With all the points above, the conclusion can be made that我的观点, because 第一个原因(再改写) and 第二个原因(再改写)
S2 In this regard, it is crucial that governments should devote sufficient funding, and public awareness should be raised to improve the situation.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
优缺点
第一段(开头)
句1: There is no doubt that 照抄一遍现在的现象 (不用改写)
句2: Some people point that (优点, 可以抄题目), whereas others would believe that (缺点,可以抄题目)。
句3: Personally speaking, I think every coin has double sides, but the advantages of XXXX (主题) outweigh the disadvantages.

第二段:
句1: The key benefit of 主题 is that(1句话, general 的优点)
句2: which obvious because (具体的优点,用长句子来写)
句3: To further support the above statement, 自己举例,要出现I/my,要出现具体的时间地点人物

第三段:
句1: On the other hand, it is arguable that 主题 also has/have negative impact
句2: which is reasonable because (A体一点的缺点,用长句子来写)
句3: However, this drawback is minimal compared to the benefits, which can be established by a recent study by Oxford University which stated that 76%of people voted that 主题 can be more beneficial than harmful

第四段(结论)
1: With all the points above, the conclusion can be made that 主题 can bring more positive effect than negative, because 引用第二段的优点(改写)
2: In order to further address this issue, it is important that governments should devote sufficient funding and the public awareness should be raised to improve the situation.

开放类(适用于有两个不同问题的题目类型)
第一段:
S1 There is no doubt that (主题) has a tremendous impact on the current society.
s2 Personally speaking, (答问-) and (答问2) , and each will be elaborated respectively.
第二段:
S1 First and foremost, plenty evidence shows that(改写问题一的回答)
s2 To be more specific, (解释为什么)
s3 This can be established by a recent study by Oxford University, which stated that 76%of people
第三段:
s1 On the other hand, it is the truism that(改写问题二的回答)
s2 To illustrate, (解释为什么)
s3 According to the annual report of the Australian government, more than 70% of the citizens
第四段:
S1 With all the points above, the conclusion can be made that (再次改写问题-的回答)and (再次改写问题二的回答)
S2 In this regard, it is crucial that governments should devote sufficient funding, and public awareness should be raised to improve the situation.

杲杲 · 发表于 2023-3-5 18:09:21

本帖最后由杲杲于 2023-3-5 20:28 编辑

这里比较重要就是190和教育片，这两篇模板，因为简单，而且变化的地方不大，除非是文笔非常好的人，一般不建议在这里提分，后面的听写词汇，听写句子，听写段落，那些才是写作拿分的大项。
比较容易错的地方有
1段
1. Inrecent years 不是inrecent day,而且years 要加s
1.1 whether 不要写A ，加上了就是天气了，想象着，要咧嘴，就不要A

2.  numerous 不是Enumerous
3. 两个the  the attention of the public

4. viewpoint不是 pointview
5. individualand social reasons.
好像不能自动排序，但是可以给文字上色

2段
1.  it has been argued that the individual reason is 这个很容易记不住，被争论的关于个人方面的原因是，我所认为的，对某人十分重要的是，去干什么，这个是十分有效的记忆方式，argued； individual reason， why I think necessary sbto do sth，这个句子看着简单，记忆起来比较麻烦

2. must have to be taken into account 没什么说的
3. bring many benefits 里面s很重要
4make our lives moreefficient. 这里一个是live 而不是life还有就是方便而不是方便的，

3段
1. which in other words，请注意中文是换一句话来说，所以不是另一个，单词，
2. governmentsare concerned
3.  governmentsis to maintain
4. the government should value 这里三个政府和紧接着的谓语形式需要注意。
5. thewell-being ofsociety 社会幸福，well-being不是人而是幸福
6. so  plays an role
7. the Economist revealed that 经济学人而不是经济学或者经济学的
8. providemore financial support.更多财政支持，容易想不起来。

4段
1. advantages。一个要注意N，另一个要注意S，
2.  To address this issue, 解决问题，
3. individualsand society should make a concerted effort. 一方面前面写的是个人和社会，都是名词。另一面，协同合作容易写成其他的请记住只有这一个concertedeffort.。

以上的文章如果不熟，需要多打几遍，因为考试的时候我看基本上都是5分钟打完模板，然后填关键信息，很重要的一点在于，如果这一步你慢了，后面的点像我又记不全，只能在这里先多争取一些时间了。

杲杲 · 发表于 2023-3-5 20:32:00

关于我看漫画的总结都是在黑曜石上面，所以很难导出吧。而且听说概念比黑曜石还好用，但是进阶的就不行了。最近总结漫画笔记的时候，明显感觉出来，双拼还是乏力，很难一下子找到作者使用过的那个词，所以比较费神，等我以后有功夫了在弄吧。还看了一个地狱鬼泣和一个什么日本漫画，因为那个太长了，索性我就想着重温一下海贼王了。

杲杲 · 发表于 2023-3-5 20:32:50

• 1毕业或工作前就结婚 getting married before finishing school or getting a job is foolish
○ 观点1 – 同意
§ 论点1 - 耽误学业
□ Getting married before graduating from school or starting a career can negatively affect individuals’ academic performance
□ 参考词汇
□ Studies/ Waste time/ Distracting, Distracted/ Lose concentration
§ 论点2 – 增加家庭财务压力
□ Getting married before graduating from school or starting a career can increase the financial burden for couples
□ 参考词汇
□ Daily expenses/ Living expenses/ Pay bills/ Make ends meet
§ 论点3 – 导致离婚率上升
□ Getting married before graduating from school or starting a career may drive up the divorce rate.
□ 参考词汇
□ Mentally immature/ Conflicts/ Leave no time or energy to cope with
§ 论点4 – 阻碍事业的发展
□ Getting married before graduating from school or starting a career may have detrimental influence on future professional development.
□ 参考词汇
□ Household chores/ Feel distressed/ Trivial stuff to handle
○ 观点2 – 不同意
§ 论点1 – 培养责任心
□ Getting married before finishing school or entering the workforce can help people cultivate their sense of responsibility.
□ 参考词汇
□ Accountability, accountable/ Reliability，reliable/ Learn to take the responsibility/ Mature/ Distracted
§ 论点2 – 给予精神支撑去面对生活压力
□ Getting married before finishing school or entering the workforce can help people to cope with life pressure.
□ 参考词汇
□ Psychological support/ The initial recipients of the information/ Talk with/ Take care of each other/ Tell troubles/ Release pressure
§ 论点3 – 有利于事业和学习的发展
□ Getting married before finishing school or entering the workforce can make people concentrated on their career and academic goals.
□ 参考词汇
□ Stable relationship/ Share house chores/ Partner support/ Financial support/ Because of the strong family support.
§ 论点4 – 有利于精神健康
□ Getting married before finishing school or entering the workforce can help with mental health.
□ 参考词汇
□ Increase life happiness/ Stable marital relationships/ Someone with share happiness and sorrows
• 1.1 人们认为环境影响他们的成就
○ 同意
   论点1 – 充足的经济有助于个人成就
   The adequate capital resources in the places where people grew up plays a crucial role in self-achievement.
   参考词汇
   Financial support/ Obtaining high-quality educational opportunities/ Academic achievement
   论点2 – 充足的教育资源使人们开拓眼界
   The sufficient educational resources in the places where people grew up broaden people’s horizons.
   参考词汇
   Knowledge and skills/ Enough learning resources/ Comprehensive education system/ Highly qualified professionals/ Explore and learn new things/ Expand horizons, open up one’s eyes/ Have access to diverse thoughts
   论点3 – 社会背景影响品质和行为
   The milieu环境 directly influences people's’ behaviors and qualities.
   参考词汇
   Social culture/ Mimic behaviors/ Shape/ Personality/ Characteristic shaping/ War
   论点4 – 好的环境帮助建立良好的社交网络和社交关系
   Good environment can promote people’s accomplishment by building the social network.
   参考词汇
   Peer groups/ Interpersonal skills/ Support from the local community
○ 观点2 – 不同意
   Personally speaking, the environment does not affect people’s accomplishment.
   论点1 – 后天努力可以实现个人的成功
   Individual efforts can help people to actualize 实施self-achievement
   参考词汇
   Change the original social-economic status/ Bring someone out of poverty/ Break the limitation of original environment
   论点2 – 坚忍不拔的性格可以实现个人的成功
   The success of a person is also dependent on his personalities which cannot be shaped by the environment.
   参考词汇
   Hard-work and persistence/ Inborn characteristics, Innate, Nature/ Nurture, Hard to acquire
   论点3 – 全球化弱化了出生环境的重要性
   Globalization has overcome the geographical barriers, which means environment cannot limited people’s growth.
   参考词汇
   Online education/ Online employment/ Can get access to various sources all over the world.
   论点4 – 个人成功取决于能否抓住机遇
   The success of a person is also dependent on whether he can seizure 夺取the opportunities.
   参考词汇
   Same environment, Different reaction to the opportunities
• 2法律改变人的行为 human behaviors can be limited by laws, while others think laws have little effect
○ 观点1 – 同意
§ 论点1 - 法律的强制力,防止人们犯罪
□ Severe punishments by laws can prevent people from taking part in crime.
□ 参考词汇
□ Deter… from阻止/ Restrictive approach/ Regulations, Rules/ Illegal actions/ Crack down on all kinds of crime in accordance with the law/ Engaging in criminal activities
§ 论点2 - 法律帮助人们树立正确价值观
□ Citizens’ sense of right and wrong is shaped by laws, which influences their behaviors.
□ 参考词汇
□ Correct instructions/ Ethical dilemma or moral hazard/ Moral standards/Attitudes and values
§ 论点3 - 法律使得人们承担起社会责任
□ People will assume their responsibilities based on the requirement of laws.
□ 参考词汇
□ Follow the traffic rules/ Regulations/ Be responsible for their wrong behaviors/ Law-abiding 安分citizens/ Victims
§ 论点4 - 法律能够引导人们的行为向好的方向转变
□ Laws can guide people to act in a better behavior and manner.
□ 参考词汇
□ Be instructed to do sth/ Obey the law and morality/ Used to do commit the crime/ Guided and educated by the law
○ 观点2 – 不同意
§ 论点1 - 人们会利用法律漏洞钻空子
□ People can exploit some loophole in the law to be involved in some illegal activities.
□ 参考词汇
□ Legal loophole, Law leak/ Take an advantage of/ Escape conviction, Escape justice/ Disadvantaged groups or vulnerable groups/ No punishment
§ 论点2 - 法律只是规章制度，缺乏执行力
□ The regulations and rules in laws presented on paper cannot limit human behaviors.
□ 参考词汇
□ Only tell people what to do and what not to do/ Act in their own mind/ Obey or not obey/ lack of enforcement
§ 论点3 - 法律不能阻碍人们犯罪
□ Laws cannot limit people’ behavior as the crime rate is still high in recent years.
□ 参考词汇
□ Robbery is common everywhere/ Criminal tendency/ Repeat criminals
§ 论点4 - 法律体系不完善，不能给人们清晰的行为指导
□ The legal system is not comprehensive enough and cannot give people clear instructions to their actions.
□ 参考词汇
□ Legal loophole/ Criminal tendency/ Margins of the legal system
• 3 员工参与决策的利弊Some employers involve employees in the decision-making process of products and services.
○ Body Paragraph 1 – 优点
§ 优点1 – 提高工作效率
□ Taking part in the decision-making processof products and services can increase working efficiency of employees.
□ 参考词汇
□ Higher job satisfaction/ Higher workengagement and involvement/ Psychological reward/ Be valued/ Working productivity/ More concentration on work
§ 优点2 - 帮助决策者做出更正确的决定
□ Employees taking part in thedecision-making process of products and services can help employers makecorrect decisions.
□ 参考词汇
□ Take…. into consideration/ Ignored factors/Draw on collective wisdom/ Come up with different ideas/ Collision of thoughts/Make sophisticated decisions
§ 优点3 - 激励员工实现自我价值
□ Taking part in the decision-making processof products and services can motivate employees to realize self-achievement.
□ 参考词汇
□ Motivation/ Self-esteem/ Promotion/Self-actualization/ Being valued/ Psychological reward/ Incentives
§ 优点4 - 降低成本
□ Employees taking part in thedecision-making process of products and services can reduce external consultingcost.
□ 参考词汇
□ Companies do not need hire strategyconsulting company to provide them long-term strategic advice becauseentry-level
○ Body Paragraph 2 – 缺点
§ 缺点1 - 增加公司成本
□ Employees involved in the decision-makingprocess of products and services can increase enterprises’ costs.
□ 参考词汇
□ Spend more time and money collectingsuggestions/ Complex procedures/ Communication costs/ Design-implement-gathering-screeningprocedure/ Set up specific department
§ 缺点2 - 造成员工与决策者之间的矛盾冲突
□ Employees involved in the decision-makingprocess of products and services can cause contradictions between employers andemployees.
□ 参考词汇
□ Impossible to reach the consensus, Lack ofbelievement/ Conflicts of interests/ Stick or hold on their own opinions/ Actin own interests
§ 缺点3 - 员工对公司了解不全面而做出错误判断
□ Employees involved in the decision-makingprocess of products and services can cause poor decision-making.
□ 参考词汇
□ No comprehensive understanding/ Makepartial judgements/ Do not have the big picture/ Overall viewpoint, Holistic/No strategic thinking ability
§ 缺点4 - 难达到一致的意见
□ It is impossible to reach the consensus ifemployees involved in the decision-making process of products and services.
□ 参考词汇
□ Stick/ Hold on their own opinions/ Onlythink about own interests/ Various opinions/ Time-consuming
• 4 书面考试是否有效评估学习成果The formal written examination can be a valid method to assess students’ learning.
○ 观点1 – 同意
§ Personally speaking, formal written examination can be a valid method to assess students’ learning.
§ 论点1 - 因为能够量化学生汲取知识的程度
□ Formal written examination can be a valid way to assess students’ learning because it can quantify how much knowledge students have gained.
□ 参考词汇
□ Scores, Grades/ Clearest number/ Extent/ Clarify/ Measure/ Remember Explicit learning results
§ 论点2 - 因为能再限定时间内检测学生学术表现
□ Formal written examination can be a valid way to assess students’ learning because it can test students’ response within limited time.
□ 参考词汇
□ Knowledge they learned in class/ Deeply understand/ Limited time/ Quickly, Immediately
§ 论点3 - 具有非常高的公平性
□ Formal written examination can be a valid way to assess students’ learning because it is fair for every student.
□ 参考词汇
□ Same examination paper/ Same time/ Assessed by same criteria/ Justified
§ 论点4 - 能用考试成绩量化学生的表现
□ Formal written examination can be a valid way to assess students’ learning because it quantifies student’s performance by objective numbers.
□ 参考词汇
□ Achievement/ Areas to improve in the future/ Grades
○ 观点2 – 不同意
§ Personally speaking, formal written examination is not a valid method to assess students’ learning.
§ 论点1 - 因为不能检测到学生的实践技能
□ Formal written examination is not a valid method to assess students’ learning because it cannot assess their practical skills.
□ 参考词汇
□ Understanding of theory/ Communication skills/ Interpersonal skills/ Problem-solving skills/ Real situation
§ 论点2 - 因为在考试强压下不能体现出学生真实水平
□ Formal written examination is not a valid method to assess students’ learning because it cannot genuinely reflect students’ learning results under pressure.
□ 参考词汇
□ Preparation/ Mental pressure/ Insomnia/ The full extent of the grasp of knowledge/Comprehensive assessment/ Partial assessment
§ 论点3 - 只能检测学生所学的部分知识
□ Formal written examination is not a valid method to assess students’ learning because it can only assess certain parts of the learning materials.
□ 参考词汇
□ Limited examination range/ Students will only prepare for the content that will be assessed.
§ 论点4 - 只能检测学生的记忆力而不是能力
□ Formal written examination is not a valid method to assess students’ learning because it can only assess student’s memory rather than abilities.
□ 参考词汇
□ Cannot apply knowledge in real situation/ Memories formulas
• 5 人们常常认为海外留学被高估了。有许多学者在当地学习
○ 观点1 – 同意
§ 问法一：Personally speaking, travel is really necessary for a better education.
§ 问法二：Personally speaking, it is necessary to travel overseas for a better education.
§ 论点1 - 开拓眼界
□ Travel is really necessary for a better education because it can broaden people’s horizon.
□ 参考词汇
□ Explore foreign culture and customs/ Absorb new knowledge and meet new people/ Learn new things
§ 论点2 - 掌握另一门外语
□ Travel is really necessary for a better education because it can help people to master a foreign language.
□ 参考词汇
□ Immerse ourselves in a new language/ Need to communicate with local people/ Adapt quickly to new environment/ Apply foreign language
§ 论点3 - 掌握最先进的知识
□ Travel is really necessary for a better education because it can help people get access to the latest knowledge.
□ 参考词汇
□ Well-designed education system in other countries/ Research projects/ Papers/ Unique curriculum
§ 论点4 - 接触不同教学风格，增强对知识的理解
□ Travel is really necessary for a better education because students can be exposed to different teaching styles.
□ 参考词汇
□ Collision of different mindsets/ Deeper understanding of knowledge/ Multiculturalism
○ 观点2 – 不同意
§ 问法一：Personally speaking, travel is unnecessary for a better education.
§ 问法二：Personally speaking, it is unnecessary to travel overseas for a better education.
§ 论点1 - 花费高
□ Travel is not really necessary for a better education because it costs much.
□ 参考词汇
□ Spend more money/ Financial burden/ Financial supports/ Tuitions and fees/ Unaffordable
§ 论点2 - 新环境分散学习注意力
□ Travel is not really necessary for a better education because people can be easily distracted by the new environment.
□ 参考词汇
□ Spend more time adapting oneself to the new environment/ Cannot fully concentrate on study/ Less self-control/ Easily be attracted
§ 论点3 - 留学压力大，影响学习效果
□ Travel is not really necessary for a better education because it can create massive pressure, which affects students’ academic performance.
□ 参考词汇
□ Language barriers/ New teaching styles/ Depression
§ 论点4 - 海外学历得不到认可
□ Travel is not really necessary for a better education because the degree achieved overseas may not be acknowledged in the native countries.
□ 参考词汇
□ Ghostwrite/ Qualification of the university/ Plagiarism
• 6 旅游业在欠发达国家的缺点和优点一样大。
○ Personally speaking, tourism is good for some less developed countries, but also has some disadvantages.
§ Body Paragraph 1 – 优点
§ 优点1 - 促进当地就业
□ Tourism can generate more employment opportunities in less developed countries.
□ 参考词汇
□ Booming tourism industry/ Source of employment/ Swarm in/ Hire/ High demand of services/ Serve more people/ Employment Rate
§ 优点2 - 促进当地消费
□ Tourism can boost the consumption in less developed countries.
□ 参考词汇
□ Increase the gross domestic product/ Souvenir shops/ Local restaurants/ Consumer spending
§ 优点3 - 促进文化交流
□ Tourism can promote the communication of different cultures between less developed countries and others.
□ 参考词汇
□ Gain a deeper understanding of the local lifestyles and customs/ Local arts and culture/ promote cultural communication/ Interact with local people
§ 优点4 - 促进当地基础设施建设
□ Tourism helps to develop infrastructure in less developed countries.
□ 参考词汇
□ Accommodate visitors容纳游客量/ An incentive激励 for investments/ Road connectivity, Rail networks
○ Body Paragraph 2 – 缺点
§ 缺点1 - 环境污染
□ Tourism can put a strain on the local environment in less developed countries.
□ 参考词汇
□ Waste disposal处理/ Carbon footprint碳排放/ Non-biodegradable waste不可降解垃圾/ Rubbish, Garbage/ Environmental degradation退化/ The loss of natural habitats
§ 缺点2 - 影响传统文化
□ Tourism can erode traditional customs in less developed countries.
□ 参考词汇
□ Conflicts between different cultures/ Damage to cultural heritage/ Commercialize/ Cater to 迎合foreigners’ needs
§ 缺点3 - 导致犯罪率上升
□ Tourism can drive up the criminal rate in less developed countries.
□ 参考词汇
□ Waste disposal处理/ Carbon footprint/ Non-biodegradable waste/ Rubbish, Garbage/ Environmental degradation/ The loss of natural habitats
§ 缺点4 - 当地政府经济负担
□ Tourism in less developed countries can increase financial burden for local governments.
□ 参考词汇
□ Allocate more money to develop infrastructure基础设施/ Inadequate infrastructure/ Large flow of tourists
• 7 极限或冒险运动的优点和缺点是什么
○ Personally speaking, there are both advantages and disadvantages of extreme or adventure sports.
○ Body Paragraph 1 – 优点
§ 优点1 - 满足心理需求
□ Doing extreme or adventure sports can help individuals gain thrilling experiences.
□ 参考词汇
□ Thrill-seeking追求刺激/ Adrenaline rush/ Pursue追求 adventure and excitement/ Psychological satisfaction/ Fulfillment
§ 优点2 - 开拓眼界
□ Doing extreme or adventure sports can broaden people’s horizon.眼界
□ 参考词汇
□ Unique life experience/ Enlarge and expand social circles/ Experience various entertainment activities/ New experiences
§ 优点3 - 提高我们的身体素质
□ Doing extreme or adventure sports can promote physical fitness.
□ 参考词汇
□ A more robust physique强壮体型/ Strength our muscle
§ 优点4 - 帮助人们释放压力
□ Participating in extreme sports can help people relief mental and physical pressure.
□ 参考词汇
□ Life pressure/ Work pressure/ Mood/ Emotional balance/ Stress/ Tension/ Calm mind
○ Body Paragraph 2 – 缺点
§ 缺点1 - 危险
□ Engagement in extreme or adventure sports involves a high degree of risks.
□ 参考词汇
□ Treading along the brink of death/ Serious injuries/ Risk of death or disabilities/ Trauma心里创伤
§ 缺点2 - 花费高，不是大部分人能负担得起
□ Doing extreme or adventure sports is not affordable for everyone
□ 参考词汇
□ Specialized equipment/ High significant costs/ Expensive coaching service
§ 缺点3 - 花费时间
□ Doing extreme or adventure sports is very time-consuming.
□ 参考词汇
□ Long-term training program/ Additive/ Distract people from study and career
§ 缺点4 - 削弱自信心
□ Doing extreme or adventure sports can dent participants’ confidence.
□ 参考词汇
□ Loss confidence/ If a person is unable to perform satisfactorily in such sports/ Many people see these sports as a proof of guts勇气, daring and many a times masculinity勇气
• 8 现代大众传播带来的信息革命对个人和社会都有积极和消极的影响。
○ Body Paragraph 1 – 正面影响
§ 正面影响1 - 获取知识更及时
□ The information revolution by modern mass communication can make us get access to the latest news at any time.
□ 参考词汇
□ No time limits/ Timely information适时信息/ Various sources
§ 正面影响2 - 人与人关系更紧密
□ The information revolution by modern mass communication makes us connected with our friends more closely.
□ 参考词汇
□ Social media/ Share current affairs/ Overcome geographical barriers
§ 正面影响3 - 增加就业机会
□ The information revolution by modern mass communication can generate more employment opportunities.
□ 参考词汇
□ IT-related job opportunities/ Self-media/ Internet influencers
§ 正面影响4 - 促进社会经济发展
□ The information revolution by modern mass communication can generate new profit growth point.
□ 参考词汇
□ Create a new productive method/ Consumptive way/ Social activity rule/ People are willing to spend money on different desires.
○ Body Paragraph 2 – 负面影响
§ 负面影响1 - 人与人变得疏离
□ The information revolution by modern mass communication makes people become isolated.
□ 参考词汇
□ Lack of face-to-face communication/ Screen saturation荧光屏饱和/ Virtual reality
§ 负面影响2 - 导致网络犯罪
□ The information revolution by modern mass communication will foster cyber crime.
□ 参考词汇
□ Swindler or hustler 骗子们could induce individuals by fake advertisement easily at zero-cost/ Fake information.
§ 负面影响3 - 影响工作表现和学习成绩
□ The information revolution by modern mass communication will have negative influence on work and academic performance, especially for young people.
□ 参考词汇
□ Attractions/ Easily get addicted to the cyber world
§ 负面影响4 - 政府利用大众传媒控制公众思想
□ Information revolution damages transparency of information as the governments can use it in shaping the public opinion by censoring information that is detrimental to them.
□ 参考词汇
□ Manipulate the truth/ Use tricks/ Form or modify the public opinion/ Wrong information
• 9大众传媒，包括电视、广播和报纸，影响我们的社会，塑造我们的观点和性格
○ *建议这道题选择“同意”
○ 观点1 –影响社会
   Personally speaking, I strongly believe that the mass media, including TV, radio and newspapers, influences our society.
   论点1 – 促进社会和谐
   The mass media can strengthen social cohesion.
   参考词汇
   Share current affairs/ Chat with/ Talk with/ Topic of conversation/ Common global concern topic/ Harmony/ Closer relationship
   论点2 – 威胁信息安全
   The mass media can damage the society’s information security.
   参考词汇
   Easier information leakage/ Privacy issues/ Hackers/ Unauthorized access未经许可进入/ Unethical disclosure不道德的泄露
   论点3 – 犯罪率上升
   The mass media can increase crime rates.
   参考词汇
   Sexual and violent information/ Without sufficient or proper parental guide/ Poor judgement/ Propensity for violence习惯暴力/ Mimic behaviors模仿
   论点4 - 促进社会消费
   The mass media can stimulate consumption level.
   参考词汇
   Pervasive commercials弥漫着广告/ Commercial information/ Induce people to purchase extra goods
○ 观点2 –影响个人的想法及性格
   Personally speaking, I strongly believe that the mass media influences our society.
   论点1 - 人们的观点变得更加客观，更包容
   The mass media can make us become more objective and open.
   参考词汇
   Multifaceted ideas多层想法/ Be more tolerant/ Think in depth/ Critical thinking/ Information sharing platform
   论点2 - 使人们有批判性思维
   The mass media can help people develop critical thinking.
   参考词汇
   Diversified sources各种资源/ Channels/ Varied information/ See things from different angles/ Break ideological limitations打破思维限制
   论点3 - 导致人们做出错误的决定
   There is significant risk that people may make wrong decisions under the influence by mass media.
   参考词汇
   Fraudulent information欺骗信息/ Misleading information
   论点4 - 影响人们的判断力
   The mass media can influence people’s judgements.
   参考词汇
   Information overloading/ Influx of confusion大量误导/ Hard to filter information/ Dependent thinking/ Independent mind
○ 观点3 –影响社会和个人的想法及性格
   Personally speaking, I strongly believe that the mass media, including TV, radio and newspapers, influences both our society and our opinions and characters.
   *从以上两个观点中各任选一个论点即可
• 9大众传媒对年轻人的影响
观点 – 同意
Personally speaking, Mass media, including TV and newspaper, have a great influence on humans, particularly on the younger generation.
论点1 - 提高人们辩证思考的能力，尤其是青少年
Mass media, including TV and newspaper will promote the critical thinking skills，particularly for the younger generation.
参考词汇
Identify the misleading information/ Diversified sources/ Channels/ Varied information/ Different angles
论点2 - 影响人们职业的选择
Mass media, including TV and newspaper will affect the future career options of human beings.
参考词汇
eSports（电子竞技）/ Self-media（自媒体）/ Get access to the latest technology information
论点3 - 扩大人们的社交圈
Mass media, including TV and newspaper will expand human’s social circle.
参考词汇
Enlarge/ Provide a platform/ Social application/ Interact with others/ Common topic to chat with
论点4 - 开拓眼界
Mass media, including TV and newspaper will broaden people’s horizon.
参考词汇
Acquire various information and news/ Know about/ Different categories/ Keep up to date with occurrences all around the world
论点5 - 导致犯罪率上升
Mass media, including TV and newspaper will increase the criminal rate.
参考词汇
Sexual and violent information/ Without sufficient or proper parental guide/ Poor judgement
论点6 - 影响学业和事业发展
Mass media, including TV and newspaper will distract people from their academic study or professional development.
参考词汇
Devote more time to social media but not to academic study/ Be additive to games and commercials
论点7 - 影响人们的判断力
Mass media, including TV and newspaper will influence people’s judgements.
参考词汇
Information overloading/ Influx of confusion/ Hard to filter information/ Dependent thinking/ Independent mind
论点8 - 人与人变得疏离 *不要与论点3写在同一篇里
Mass media, including TV and newspaper will make people become isolated.
参考词汇
Lack of face-to-face communication/ Virtual reality/ Decrease socializing actions
• 10气候变化是一个令人关切的全球问题
○ 观点 – 政府Personally speaking, governments should take responsibilities for climate change.
§ 论点1 - 政府能获取最新的科技
□ Governments have access to the most updated technology to control climate change.
□ 参考词汇
□ New resources/ Solar energy/ Wind power/ Instead of fossil fuel
§ 论点2 - 政府可以获得国际上的支持和援助
□ Governments can receive international support and assistance to mitigate climate change.
□ 参考词汇
□ International support/ Environmental forum/ Non-profit organization/ Get access to more advanced opinion on control climate change
§ 论点3 - 政府权限更大
□ Governments have more power to make changes for dealing with climate change.
□ 参考词汇
□ Constrain improper actions/ Enact laws and regulations/ Exercise legislative power/ Set tax and greener policies环保政策/ Affordable and low carbon mass transportation
§ 论点4 - 政府资金更充足
□ Governments have sufficient funds to organize relevant activities for coping with climate change.
□ 参考词汇
□ Develop greener technologies/ Cultivate talents培养人才/ Conduct campaign开展活动
○ 观点 – 大公司
§ Personally speaking, big companies should take responsibilities for climate change.
§ 论点1 - 大公司是污染的主要来源
□ Big companies are responsible to reduce the pollutant directly as they are the major source of it.
□ 参考词汇
□ Discharge of pollutants污染物排放/ Atmospheric contamination大气污染/ Take the corporate social responsibility
§ 论点2 - 大公司可以引导消费者的行为
□ Big companies can shape the customers’ behavior to control climate change.
□ 参考词汇
□ Loyal customers/ Environmentally friendly materials/ Plastic bags/ Set as a guidance
§ 论点3 - 大公司对促进环境友好型社会有巨大影响
□ Big companies have a profound effect in promoting environmentally friendly society.
□ 参考词汇
□ Multinational companies跨国公司/ Raise customers’ environmental awareness/ Corporate social responsibility企业社会责任/ Environmentally sustainable/ Green product/ Advertisement
§ 论点4 - 大公司有研究资金
□ Big companies have research and development funding for climate change.
□ 参考词汇
□  Sufficient funding/ Allocate money/ Recruit talents/ Greener technology/ Renewable energy
○ 观点 – 个人
§ Personally speaking, individuals should take responsibilities for climate change.
§ 论点1 - 个人可以确保法律有效的实施
□ Individuals can make sure the environmental regulation carried out smoothly.
□ 参考词汇
□ Vital component of the society/ Political advocate/ Social cohesion/ Implemented into actual practice
§ 论点2 - 个人可以更快更有效的推进公众的气候意识
□ Individuals’ actions can raise the public awareness in the field of climate change.
□ 参考词汇
□ Personal action/ Effective/ Political action/ Spread among the crowd分散在人群中/ Mimic others’ action
§ 论点3 - 个人会推动公司采用可持续的生产方式
□ Individuals are able to influence companies to change their production patterns to more sustainable methods.
□ 参考词汇
□ Refuse to use plastic bags and packages/ Cease 停止production of relevant products/ Choose energy efficient products/ Change consumption patterns
§ 论点4 - 个人行为有累积效应
□ Individuals can create cumulative impact of actions by contributing to the environmentally friendly society.
□ 参考词汇
□ Undertake individual responsibility承担责任/ Positive influence on family members/ Mutual influence互相影响
• 11在过去的100年里，有许多发明，如抗生素、飞机和电脑
○ 观点1 – 抗生素
§ Personally speaking, antibiotics are the most important invention in the past 100 years.
§ 论点1 - 促进医药业的发展
□ Antibiotics can boost the development of the pharmaceutical industry.制药业
□ 参考词汇
□ Prototype雏形 of technological and scientific innovation/ Set as an example/ Motivated by the invention
§ 论点2 - 造福广泛的人群
□ Antibiotics抗生素 can be applied to a large group of people ranging from infants to elders.
□ 参考词汇
□ Can be used broadly by all age groups/ Safe for pregnant women and infants because little side effect/ Contribute
§ 论点3 - 延长寿命
□ Antibiotics can prolong humans’ life expectancy and lessen people’s pain.
□ 参考词汇
□ Kill bacteria/ Treat infection传染病/ Fight against fatal致命 disease/ Mortality rate死亡率
§ 论点4 - 见效快，减轻病痛
□ Antibiotics are fast responding which can effectively eliminate infections to relieve uneasiness.不安
□ 参考词汇
□ Begin working within a few hours/ Efficient/ Ailments/ Oral medications口腔药物/ Quickly get into the body system/ Uncomfortableness不舒适
○ 观点2 – 飞机
§ Personally speaking, the airplane is the most important invention in the past 100 years.
§ 论点1 - 促进经经发展和文化交融
□ Airplanes propelled economic development and cultural exchange.
□ 参考词汇
□ Bring the chance/ Specific area/ Specialties/ Worldwide/ Cultural communication
§ 论点2 - 促进旅游业的发展
□ The airplane can boost the development of the tourism industry.
□ 参考词汇
□ Small and remote countries/ Bring vitality活力/ Vigor活力/ Discover hidden beauty/ Less developed countries
§ 论点3 - 突破空间限制
□ Airplanes break through the limitation of space which makes long-distance travel possible.
□ 参考词汇
□ Work and study abroad/ Reduce travel time/ Cultural exchange/ Exchange program
§ 论点4 - 最快最安全
□ Airplane is the safest and fastest way of transportation.
□ 参考词汇
□ A pleasant journey/ Lower mortality rate/ Increase travel efficiency/ Fully equipped装备齐全
○ 观点3 – 电脑
§ Personally speaking, the computer is the most important invention in the past 100 years.
§ 论点1 - 降低运营成本
□ The computer can reduce labor costs.
□ 参考词汇
□ Relieve hands from work/ Cut down expenses/ Ensure adequate cash flow
§ 论点2 - 储存大量信息
□ The computer can store vast amounts of information and reduce waste.
□ 参考词汇
□ Capable; devices/ eBook readers/ Storage capacity/ Documents/ Movies/ Pictures/ Songs/ Eliminate剔除 the need for paper and plastics used to make non-digital version of the media
§ 论点3 - 提高工作效率
□ The computer improves people’s work efficiency through its multi-tasking features.
□ 参考词汇
□ Computing power/ Various software to boost efficiency/ Minimize the workload/ Click the mouse/ Reduce manual efforts
§ 论点4 - 满足人们的教育和娱乐需求
□ Computer satisfies people’s demands for entertainment and education.
□ 参考词汇
□ Distant education/ Leisure time/ Relax oneself/ Play video games/ Watch movies/ Listen to music/ Chat on the internet/ Video conferences视频会议/ PowerPoint presentation
• 12如今电视已经成为生活中必不可少的一部分。它是传播新闻和信息的媒介，
○ 观点
○ Personally speaking, television is a medium for disseminating news and information and it also acts as a companion.
○ *这篇文章的观点也可以一边倒（news or companion二选一）
○ Body Paragraph 1 – 传播信息
   传播信息1 - 提供多种信息渠道
   Television provides diverse and various information and news.
   参考词汇
   A platform to collect all sorts of news/ Huge source/ A wide range of channels/ Different categories/ Education/ Newscasts
   传播信息2 - 获取及时消息
   Television helps people get timely and most updated information.
   参考词汇
   Fast media for spreading news and awareness/ Latest news and timely information/ Updated information/ No time limit
   传播信息3 - 信息普及率高
   Television plays an important role in popularizing new information.
   参考词汇
   24/7 availability/ In a casual way/ Spread and deliver information/ Domestic use/ Proliferation
   传播信息4 - 电视以图像形式进行信息传播，使人民接收信息更直接有效
   Television can disseminate information in an effective way by presenting images and videos to its viewers.
   参考词汇
   No need to imagine/ Straightforward/ Easy to understand/ Get information efficiently
○ Body Paragraph 2 – 排解孤独
   排解孤独1 - 消磨时间
   Television is an entertainment tool which can help people kill time/ pass time.
   参考词汇
   Housewives/ Accompany the elders/ Emotional relief/ Leisure time
   排解孤独2 - 连接老人和亲人的媒介
   Television can act as media between the elder people and their younger relatives.
   参考词汇
   Understand what happened outside/ Have more common topics with the young/ Enhance the family relationship
   排解孤独3 - 娱乐性
   Television is an entertainment tool which can help viewers relieve the feeling of loneliness.
   参考词汇
   Interesting programs/ Catering for different age groups/ Soap drama/ Variety show
   排解孤独4 – 感受更多人生体验
   Television can broaden viewers’ horizon especially for the poor populations who cannot visit a place or experience the culture in person.
   参考词汇
   High quality of vividness/ Sense of participation and gratification/ Enrich the cultural life/ Tourism program
• 12在生产食品和服装等消费品的公司中，营销应该强调公司的声誉还是短期战略，如折扣和特价
○ 观点1 – 重品牌
§ Personally speaking, marketing for consumer goods companies should focus on reputation.
§ 论点1 - 有利于赢得长期经营利润
□  This focus can maintain business interest in a long run.
□ 参考词汇
□ Long-term goal/ Accumulated value/ Distinguish you from competitors/ Corporate longevity/ Earn profit continuously
§ 论点2 - 节约市场营销的开支
□  This focus can lower the marketing costs.
□ 参考词汇
□ Customers act as brand ambassadors/ Promote business/ No need to spend fortune on marketing
§ 论点3 - 提升老客户忠诚度 *论点3和论点4只能选一个，不然会造成词汇重复
□  This focus can improve customer loyalty.
□ 参考词汇
□ Durable products/ Premium quality/ Customized service/ Products and service with consistent quality/ Retain customers/ Get good word-of-mouth好的口碑
§ 论点4 - 获得新客户的信任 *论点3和论点4只能选一个，不然会造成词汇重复
□  This focus can gain trust from potential customers.
□ 参考词汇
□ Brand image/ Implicit promise暗自许诺，默契/ Demonstrate the confidence/ Provide excellent product and service
○ 观点2 – 重优惠
§ Personally speaking, marketing for consumer goods companies should focus on short term strategies.
§ 论点1 - 吸引新客户
□ This focus will help companies attract new customers.
□ 参考词汇
□ Consumers will be attracted by lower price compared to the price of other companies
§ 论点2 - 帮助公司赢得市场份额
□ This focus on short term strategies can help the company increase the market share.
□ 参考词汇
□ Potential customers/ A growing number of market share/ Customers base
§ 论点3 - 提升营业额
□ This focus can increase the turnover of the business.
□ 参考词汇
□ Purchasing behavior/ Rush to purchase抢购/ Low level of inventory目录/ Clearance/ Sales performance销售业绩
§ 论点4 - 确保公司有稳定的现金流
□ This focus on short term strategies can ensure the stable cash flow.
□ 参考词汇
□ Sales target/ Constantly stimulate consumption/ No fluctuations in sales价格波动/ Reduce operation risk
• 13你的研究领域是气候变化
○ 观点1 – 气候变暖
§ Personally speaking, I prefer to study global warming as the area of climate change.
§ 论点1 - 影响生态环境
□  The rise of global temperature will have a detrimental effect有害作用 on ecological environment.
□ 参考词汇
□ Associated with the rising water temperatures/ Pose great risks to带来很大风险/ Adversely affect/ Biological chain/ Lose habitat/ Melting glaciers冰川融化
§ 论点2 - 影响人类健康
□  Global warming will pose risks to the physical health of human beings.
□ 参考词汇
□ Carbon dioxide emissions排放/ Ozone depletion氧耗/ Exposed to sunlight/ Skin cancer/ Respiratory呼吸 disease/ Spread rapidly
§ 论点3 - 带来自然灾害
□ Climate change will lead to catastrophic natural disasters.
□ 参考词汇
□ Climate change will lead to catastrophic natural disasters.
§ 论点4 - 降低生物多样性
□ Climate change will reduce biodiversity.
□ 参考词汇
□ Lose habitat/ Polar species/ Rising sea level/ Costal lives
○ 观点2 – 气候变化规律
§ Personally speaking, I prefer to study the climate pattern as the area of climate change.
§ 论点1 - 预测极端天气的发生，减少人身财产损失
□ Studying the climate pattern can predict when extreme weather occurs so as to prevent physical injuries and property losses.
□ 参考词汇
□ Natural catastrophes自然灾害/ Hurricanes/ Storms/ Forecast/ Precautionary measures预防措施/ Prevent disasters from happening
§ 论点2 - 方便人们日常出行
□ Studying the climate pattern facilitate commuters通勤者 to plan their daily trips.
□ 参考词汇
□ Rainy season/ Dry season/ Adjust the options for transportation/ Take the public transportation/ By car/ Weather report/ Predict the weather/ Based on particular period of climate pattern
§ 论点3 - 有助于发展气象科技领域
□ Studying the climatic pattern can help promote the development of meteorological technology.
□ 参考词汇
□ Annual precipitation and temperature/ Weather pattern/ Develop new technological equipment and device to predict
§ 论点4 - 有助于规划农业生产
□ Studying the climatic pattern can help experts set a constructive plan for annual agricultural production.
□ 参考词汇
□ Annual precipitation and temperature/ Possibility of natural disaster/ Prevention and control/ Practical guides实用手册/ Allocate the manual labor分配体力劳动
• 14对高中生来说，学习几个世纪前写的戏剧和戏剧作品既有问题也有好处
○ 观点
○ Personally speaking, there are both problems and benefits for high school students to study plays and works of theatres written centuries ago.
○ Body Paragraph 1 – 优点
§ 优点1 - 了解古典文学增加文化底蕴
□ For high school students, learning plays and works of theatres from several centuries ago could be beneficial to gain more knowledge about classical literature.
□ 参考词汇
□ Inherit 继承the arts and culture/ Appreciate sensuous beauty of classical/ Foster 培养students’ interests of traditional culture
§ 优点2 - 扩展知识面
□ Gaining knowledge about plays and works of theatres written hundreds of years ago could help high students to widen their range of knowledge.
□ 参考词汇
□ Reflect the life of ancient society/ Expand knowledge base/ Having knowledge about history and art
§ 优点3 - 促进文化的发展和进步
□ Gaining knowledge about plays and works of theatres written hundreds of years ago could promote the development of culture and literature.
□ 参考词汇
□ Cultural awareness cultivation培养文化意识/ Cultural blending/ Promotes the harmony of local ethnic relations
§ 优点4 - 提高语言综合能力
□ Gaining knowledge about plays and works of theatres written hundreds of years ago could improve comprehensive language skills.
□ 参考词汇
□ Communication and interaction/ Literature/ Ability of expression/ Communication skills
○ Body Paragraph 2 – 缺点
§ 缺点1 - 增加学生学习负担
□ Learning plays and works of theatres from several centuries ago will increase student’s burden in high school.
□ 参考词汇
□ Abstruse meaning/ Written in ancient languages like old English, Latin, or Hebrew/ Bring unnecessary difficulties in study/ Other disciplines
§ 缺点2 - 脱离现实，没有现实意义
□ Plays and works of theatres written hundreds of years ago seems to be detached from reality.
□ 参考词汇
□ Unrealistic/ Not practical/ Not relevant to future career/ Isolated from reality
§ 缺点3 - 容易产生消极情绪，影响心理健康
□ Learning plays and works of theatres such as tragedy plays could lead to pessimism and affect mental health.
□ 参考词汇
□ Pessimistic emotion/ Depression/ Mental health/ Negative mood and attitude
§ 缺点4 - 分心，影响其他学科成绩
□ Learniing other subjects and affect the academic performance.
□ 参考词汇
□ Distraction/ Limited time and energy/ Declining grade成绩下降
• 15大型购物中心正在取代小商店
○ 观点1 – 好改变
§ Personally speaking, large shopping malls replacing small shops is a good change.
§ 论点1 - 商品更加便宜
□ Large shopping malls can provide customers with merchandise with more affordable prices.
□ 参考词汇
□ Competitive circumstances/ Price competitive edges价格竞争边缘/ Commercial competition/ Discount campaign
§ 论点2 - 商品多样化
□ Large shopping malls replacing some shops can offer diverse variety of products and services to customers.
□ 参考词汇
□ Multifunction/ Complete all errands完成差事/ A variety of choices/ Many stores under one roof
§ 论点3 - 减少购物时间提高购物效率
□ Compared with small shops, large shopping malls could save customers’ shopping time.
□ 参考词汇
□ Time saving/ Shopping efficiency/ One-stop shopping experience/ Don’t need to go to different places
§ 论点4 - 促进当地经济
□ Large shopping malls replacing some shops could promote local economic development.
□ 参考词汇
□ Attract shoppers and tourists/ Invest much capital in/ Offer many job opportunity/ Increase employment rate
○ 观点2 – 坏改变
§ Personally speaking, large shopping malls replacing small shops is a bad change.
§ 论点1 - 过于拥挤
□ Large shopping malls replacing small shops can leads to overcrowding problem.
□ 参考词汇
□ Overcrowded/ Insufficient parking spot/ Evacuation/ Bad shopping experience
§ 论点2 - 交通不便
□ Large shopping malls replacing small shops can cause inconvenient transportation due to the longer commuting distance.
□ 参考词汇
□ Rural and isolated area/ Traffic congestion交通堵塞/ Waste of time
§ 论点3 - 增加不必要的消费
□ Large shopping malls replacing small shops will significantly increase the times of unplanned buying.
□ 参考词汇
□ Impulse buying冲动购买/ Unplanned purchase/ Overbudget/ Get people stay longer and deviate 偏离from their plans
论点4 - 造成手工艺品的消失

杲杲 · 发表于 2023-3-5 20:33:16

由于发上来，字数超过了，所以只能分两次发

杲杲 · 发表于 2023-3-5 20:33:38

• 16用信用卡代替现金的情况越来越多了。无现金社会的想法似乎越来越成为现实。
○ 观点
○ Personally speaking, cashless society is realistic in (第一个BP论点设定的范围), and it brings benefits/problems (第二个BP的论点).
○ Body Paragraph 1 – 是否现实
§ 论点1 - 对于大城市的人是现实的
□ Cashless society is very realistic in metropolitan cities.无现金的社会是大城市
□ 参考词汇
□ Credit cards/ Comprehensive infrastructure of information technology全部基础建设给了科技/ Facilitate online transactions事务
§ 论点2 – 对年轻人是现实的
□ Cashless society is extremely realistic among young people.
□ 参考词汇
□ Updated technology/ Operations/ Different languages/ Mobile payment app on smart phone
§ 论点3 – 对于贫困地区的人是不现实的
□ Cashless society is unrealistic in poverty-stricken一贫如洗的 area.
□ 参考词汇
□ Economic backwards/ Without mobile phone or facilities/ Don’t know how to use
§ 论点4 – 对于老年人是不现实的
□ Cashless society is unrealistic among elders.
□ 参考词汇
□ Lack of relevant technological skills and knowledge/ Low learning pace低学习节奏/ The elderly
○ Body Paragraph 2 – 优点或缺点
§ 优点1 – 提高购物效率
□ Realization of cashless society helps boost efficiency of people’s purchasing process.
□ 参考词汇
□ Don’t need to wait for change
§ 优点2 – 保证资金安全
□ Paying without cash can secure capital and money.
□ 参考词汇
□ Protect money/ Prevent from being stolen/ Enter password
§ 缺点1 – 隐私泄露
□ Being cashless may result in leakage of personal information.
□ 参考词汇
□ Privacy/ Data security/ Cyber crime
§ 缺点2 -小额支付可能产生手续费
□ Extra fees are charged when conducting petty payments.
□ 参考词汇
□ Surcharge/ expense/ Service fees are required
• 17医疗技术提高了人们的平均预期寿命
○ 观点1 – Blessing
§ Personally speaking, the average life expectancy extended by the medical technology is a blessing.
§ 论点1 – 拉近家人之间的关系
□ The prolonged life expected enabled by medical advancement can enhance family bonds.
□ 参考词汇
□ Intimate知己 relationships/ Precious companion/ Spend time together
§ 论点2 – 追逐及完成更多的梦想
□ Individuals are capable of chasing and completing their dream with longer time in their life.
□ 参考词汇
□ Immerse沉浸于 themselves into the areas they are interested in/ Abundant time/ Do not need to rush不需要这么着急
§ 论点3 – 传承文化
□ Prolonged拖延的 life expectancy ensures better cultural heritage.
□ 参考词汇
□ Cultural identity/ Heritage of civilization/ Enrichment/ Initiator发起人
§ 论点4 – 促进养老产业的发展
□ Longer life expectancy 预期boosts the development of aged care industry.
□ 参考词汇
□ Economic development/ Associated industries/ Old-age care/ Increased demand
○ 观点2 – Curse
§ Personally speaking, the average life expectancy extended by the medical technology is a curse.
§ 论点1 – 增加政府的养老财政负担
□ Prolonged life expectancy 延长生活预期can impose higher financial burden on the government.
□ 参考词汇
□ Financial burden/ Government funding/ Pension捐赠/ Endowment捐赠 insurance system
§ 论点2 – 降低就业率
□ Extended life expectancy reduces employment rate.
□ 参考词汇
□ Reduce available positions/ Prolonged work time/ Replacement
§ 论点3 – 增加住房压力
□ Extended life expectancy worsens housing problems.
□ 参考词汇
□ Overpopulation/ Housing conditions/ Shortage/ Shrinking the floor space房间缩小
§ 论点4 – 导致医疗资源供应不上
□ Extended life expectancy can lead to shortage of medical resources.
□ 参考词汇
□ Inadequate supply/ Chronic diseases慢性病/ Provision提供 of medical care/ Hospital capacity
• 18父母应该为孩子的行为承担法律责任吗
○ 观点1 – 同意
§ Personally speaking, parents should be held legally responsible for the actions of their children.
§ 论点1 - 家长需要对孩子造成了经济损失的行为负责任
□ Parents need to be legally responsible for their children's acts which resulted in economic loss.
□ 参考词汇
□ Economic loss/ Unable to afford/ Dependent groups/ Heavy fines, penalties处罚
§ 论点2 - 家长对于孩子有监管的义务
□ Parents have a duty of supervision over their children.
□ 参考词汇
□ Guardians/ Guide and regulate children’s behavior/ Commit crimes/ Raise legal awareness
§ 论点3 – 家长有向孩子灌输法律意识的责任
□ Parents are obliged to educate their children to be a law-abiding守法的 person.（省油灯）
□ 参考词汇
□ Sense of right and wrong/ Mentally immature/ Know little about the laws/ Serious consequences of committing crime/ Legal awareness/ Empowerment of individuals regarding issues involving the law
§ 论点4 - 孩子行为是家长行为的缩影
□ Kids are the mirror image of their parents as they would mimic their parents’ behaviors during shaping period.
□ 参考词汇
□ Guardians/ The mirror image of parents/ Represent their parents in the society
○ 观点2 – 不同意
§ Personally speaking, parents should not be held legally responsible for the actions of their children.
§ 论点1 - 使孩子更独立和有责任心
□ Parents should not be responsible for children’s actions because it will cultivate 培养kids’ independence and responsibility.
□ 参考词汇
□ Responsible, responsibility/ Independence/ Self-motivation/ Solve problems of their own
§ 论点2 - 只有孩子自己承担责任，意识到问题严重性才可以避免再犯错
□ Children will avoid making the same mistake when realizing the serious consequences of their misconducts.行为不端
□ 参考词汇
□ Avoid making mistakes/ Serious consequences/ Raise legal awareness/ Relevant punishments相关惩罚
§ 论点3 - 孩子有自己独立的想法，家长不该为其后果买单
□ Parents should not be responsible for children’s actions as a person's action is always based on his own thoughts.
□ 参考词汇
□ Think individually, independence/ Have different thoughts/ separate individual
§ 论点4 - 家长不可能知道所有孩子在做的事情
□ Parents cannot be aware of what their kids are doing.
□ 参考词汇
□ Hidden from truth/ Not aware of everything/ Total control of their children’s behaviors
• 19某些大学会对迟交的作业进行扣分
○ 观点
○ Personally speaking, I strongly believe that universities should/ shouldn’t deduct students’ marks if an assignment is given late, and there are still alternative actions (第二个BP的论点).
○ Body Paragraph 1 – 你的观点 *可以选择“同意”或者“不同意”
§ 同意的论点1 - 可以培养学生的准时意识
□ Deducting 扣除marks for overdue未到的 assignments can cultivate培育 students’ awareness of being punctual.守时
□ 参考词汇
□ Overdue works/ Awareness of punctuality/ Realize the consequences
§ 同意的论点2 - 可以让学生增强时间管理的能力
□ Deducting marks for overdue assignments enhances the time management skills.
□ 参考词汇
□ Avoid wasting time/ Time management/ Fear of deduction/ Plan time wisely
§ 不同意的论点1 - 破坏学生学习积极性
□ Deducting students’ work if the assignment is given late will impair students’ learning enthusiasm.
□ 参考词汇
□ Consequence-oriented面向连接的/ Learning passion/ Deadline requirements/Feel frustrated
§ 不同意的论点2 – 造成学生的精神压力
□ Deducting students’ work if the assignment is given late will lead to high pressure for students.
□ 参考词汇：有压力沮丧，健康关心，压制
□ Feel stressful and frustrated/ Healthy concerns/ Overwhelmed
○ Body Paragraph 2 – 解决方案
§ 方案1 - 可以在截止日前三天持续发送提醒
□ Universities can continuously send reminders three days before the deadline.
□ 参考词汇
□ Email reminder/ Send notice in advance/ Early notifications
§ 方案2 - 对于迟交作业的学生布置额外任务
□ Extra work can be assigned to students who hand in their assignments after the deadline, as punishments.
□ 参考词汇：额外的工作，时间负担和打扫任务
□ Extra work/ Additional time burden/ Cleaning classrooms and campus
§ 方案3 - 学校开设研讨会来帮助学生合理规划时间，提高学生时间管理的能力
□ Time management workshops can be arranged by colleges at the beginning of each semester to help students to schedule their time properly and improve their time management ability.
□ 参考词汇：时间管理研讨会/每个学期/时间管理技能/分配计划的开始
□ Time management workshops/ Beginning of each semester/ Time management skills/ Assignment plan
§ 方案4 - 对于有特殊原因的迟交作业学生进行适度延期
□ Universities may extend the time if anyone has a solid reason for no submission on time.
□ 参考词汇：扎实的理由/对各自教师/意外事件的适当满意
□ Solid reason/ Proper satisfaction of their respective faculty/ Unexpected events
• 20兼顾工作和学习
○ 观点1 – 同意
§ Personally speaking, it is realistic to combine learning and employment at the same time.
§ 论点1 - 只要雇主给员工(学生)提供相关带薪培训，这就是现实的
§ If employers provide students with paid ongoing training, combining them is realistic.
§ 参考词汇
§ Provide economic compensation/ ongoing training/ paid training period
§ 论点2 - 现代发达的科技可以赋予人们多任务处理的能力，从而使之成为现实
§ Modern advanced technology empowers employees the ability of multitasking and make it a reality.
§ 参考词汇
§ Perform multiple tasks simultaneously on the same device/ Multitasking/ Enhance working/learning efficiency
§ 论点3 - 学生可以利用课余时间来工作
§ Students can utilize their spare time to work.
§ 参考词汇
§ Working after school/ Spare time, Private time/ Personal options/ Time management skills
§ 论点4 - 一些学校课程设置中包括就业实习
§ Some curriculum settings in university contain internships before stepping into society.
§ 参考词汇
§ Specific curriculum settings/ Internships/ Connections between learning and employment
○ 观点2 – 不同意
§ Personally speaking, it is unrealistic to combine learning and employment at the same time.
§ 论点1 - 学习和工作都占用大量时间，而人的时间有限
§ Time is one limited resource while studying and working will both cost plenty of time.
§ 参考词汇
§ Time-consuming/ Extremely stressful/ Too many tasks in limited time
§ 论点2 - 工作和学习两者会有冲突，无法同时进行
§ *解释：工作中充满竞争，不允许出现任何错误。而学习充满不确定，会出现很多犯错的可能。不给人们犯错的机会，就无法让人真正学到东西）
§ There is a goal-oriented conflict between work and study, which cannot be achieved at the same time.
§ 参考词汇
§ The work is full of competition and no mistakes are allowed/ Learning is full of uncertainty, and there is a lot of possibility of making mistakes/ Individuals can't learn anything without giving them the opportunity to make mistakes
§ 论点3 - 会使学生分心，导致学业质量下降
§ Employment distracts students from studying and will lead to poor academic performance for students.
§ 参考词汇
§ Loss concentration/ Distraction/ Exhausting working tasks/ Poor academic performance
§ 论点4 - 造成学生的精神压力
§ Combining work and study at the same time will cause unbearable pressure for students.
§ 参考词汇
§ Feel stressful/ Overwhelmed by learning and working burden/ Healthy concerns
• 21有效的学习需要舒适平静的状态和充分的时间。因此一个学生不可能同时把学习和工作结合起来，因为两者会相互干扰。
○ 观点1 – 同意
   Personally speaking, it is realistic to combine learning and employment at the same time.
   论点1 - 只要雇主给员工(学生)提供相关带薪培训，这就是现实的
   If employers provide students with paid ongoing training, combining them is realistic.
   参考词汇：提供经济补偿/持续培训/带薪培训
   Provide economic compensation/ ongoing training/ paid training period
   论点2 - 现代发达的科技可以赋予人们多任务处理的能力，从而使之成为现实
   Modern advanced technology empowers employees the ability of multitasking and make it a reality.
   参考词汇在同一台设备上同时执行多个任务/多任务处理/提高工作/学习效率
   Perform multiple tasks simultaneously on the same device/ Multitasking/ Enhance working/learning efficiency
   论点3 - 学生可以利用课余时间来工作
   Students can utilize their spare time to work.
   参考词汇课外工作/业余时间，私人时间/个人选择/时间管理技能
   Working after school/ Spare time, Private time/ Personal options/ Time management skills
   论点4 - 一些学校课程设置中包括就业实习
   Some curriculum settings in university contain internships before stepping into society.
   参考词汇具体的课程设置/实习/学习与就业之间的联系
   Specific curriculum settings/ Internships/ Connections between learning and employment
○ 观点2 – 不同意
   Personally speaking, it is unrealistic to combine learning and employment at the same time.
   论点1 - 学习和工作都占用大量时间，而人的时间有限
   Time is one limited resource while studying and working will both cost plenty of time.
   参考词汇耗时/压力极大/在有限的时间内完成太多的任务
   Time-consuming/ Extremely stressful/ Too many tasks in limited time
   论点2 - 工作和学习两者会有冲突，无法同时进行
   *解释：工作中充满竞争，不允许出现任何错误。而学习充满不确定，会出现很多犯错的可能。不给人们犯错的机会，就无法让人真正学到东西）
   There is a goal-oriented conflict between work and study, which cannot be achieved at the same time.
   参考词汇工作充满了竞争，不允许有错误/学习充满了不确定性，犯错误的可能性很大/个人如果不给自己犯错的机会，什么也学不到
   The work is full of competition and no mistakes are allowed/ Learning is full of uncertainty, and there is a lot of possibility of making mistakes/ Individuals can't learn anything without giving them the opportunity to make mistakes
   论点3 - 会使学生分心，导致学业质量下降
   Employment distracts students from studying and will lead to poor academic performance for students.
   参考词汇注意力不集中/注意力分散/工作任务累人/学习成绩差
   Loss concentration/ Distraction/ Exhausting working tasks/ Poor academic performance
   论点4 - 造成学生的精神压力
   Combining work and study at the same time will cause unbearable pressure for students.
   参考词汇感到压力大/被学习和工作负担压得喘不过气/担心健康问题
   Feel stressful/ Overwhelmed by learning and working burden/ Healthy concerns
• 21世界各国政府和组织正面临着许多问题。你认为对地球上的居民来说
○ 观点 1 – 全球变暖
§ Personally speaking, global warming is the most pressing issue for the inhabitants on our planet, and we need to implement some solutions to solve the problem.
§ Body Paragraph 1 - 为什么严重
□ 论点1 - 不适宜动物生存，导致生物多样性减少
® Global warming causes extinction of animals.
® 参考词汇减少生物多样性/导致濒危物种灭绝/不适合动物生存
® Reduce biodiversity/ Lead to the extinction of endangered species/ Unsuitable for animals to survive
□ 论点2 - 极端天气增加，导致农业产量下降
® Global warming reduces the productivity of agriculture.
® 参考词汇不适合作物生长/加剧极端天气/洪水、干旱和风暴
® Unsuitable for crop growth/ Intensify extreme weather/ Floods, droughts and storms
§ Body Paragraph 2 – 解决方案
□ 方案1 – 发展公共交通
® Developing public transportation can solve the problems caused by global warming.
® 参考词汇减少化石燃料的燃烧/减少温室气体的排放/驾驶私家车的人减少了
® Reduce the burning of fossil fuels/ Alleviate the release of greenhouse gases/ Fewer people drive their private cars
□ 方案2 –制定环保法，遏制气候变化
® Governments should enact environmental laws and regulations to address global warming issue.
® 参考词汇处罚破坏环境的行为/培养公众的环境保护意识/排放控制
® Fine the act of destroying the environment/ Cultivate public awareness of environmental protection/ Emissions control
○ 观点 2 - 空气污染
§ Personally speaking, air pollution is the most pressing issue for the inhabitants on our planet, and we need to implement some solutions immediately to solve the problem.
□ Body Paragraph 1 - 为什么严重
® 论点1 - 吸入有毒气体，危害人的身体健康
◊ Harmful gases and materials emitted by vehicles and factories can impair people’s health and induce incurable diseases like lung cancer.
◊ 参考词汇对身体健康/癌症/有毒排放/化学物质的巨大威胁
◊ Great threat to physical health/ Cancer/ Toxic emissions/ Chemicals
® 优点2 - 可溶性有害气体使洁净水资源受到污染,影响生态环境
◊ It has severe impacts on the ecological environment where water resources would be contaminated by water-soluble toxic emissions, thus posing threats to human being’ survival.
◊ 参考词汇生态环境/水溶性有毒排放/生存所必需/资源有限
◊ Ecological environment/ water-soluble toxic emissions/ necessary for survival/ limited resources
□ Body Paragraph 2 – 解决方案
® 方案1 –开发可再生的环保能源
◊ We could focus on developing renewable resources like wind, water, and nuclear resources.
◊ 参考词汇清洁资源/可重复使用资源/减少排放/依赖化石燃料
◊ Clean resources/ Reusable resources/ Cut emissions/ Reliance on fossil fuel
® 方案2 –政府发补贴鼓励民众使用电动汽车
◊ Government should subsidize the usage of electric car to minimize the toxic emissions led by incomplete combustion of gasoline.
◊ 参考词汇燃烧化石燃料/减少排放/鼓励发展电动汽车/提高公众意识
◊ burning of fossil fuel/ Cut emissions/ Encourage the development of electric car/ Increase public awareness
• 22建筑设计如何影响人们工作和生活的地方的
○ *本题建议同意题目
○ *每个body paragraph的论点表明“建筑设计影响了人们工作生活的哪一个方面”
○ *Body Paragraph 1以“如何正面影响”的角度来论证;Body Paragraph 2以“如何负面影响”的角度来论证
○ 观点 – 同意
§ Personally speaking, the design of building affect, either positively or negatively, where people work and live.
§ 论点1 –影响人们生命安全
□  The design of buildings can greatly affect people’s safety.
□ 参考词汇安全设施/消防出口/应急通道/消防演习/疏散/保障人们的生命安全
□ Safety facilities/ Fire exits/ Emergency access/ Fire drill/ Evacuate/ Secure people’s lives
§ 论点2 – 影响人们工作效率
□ Architectural design can determine people’s working efficiency.
□ 参考词汇方便出入不同楼层/停车位充足/省时设计/多功能建筑/分散注意力/隔音
□ Have easy access to different floors/ Sufficient parking space/ Time-saving design/ multifunctional building/ Distraction/ Sound insulation
§ 论点3 – 影响人们身体健康
□ The design of building significantly impact the physical health of occupants.
□ 参考词汇设计有问题/过热/大楼里有丰富的自然资源/新鲜空气
□ A fault in the design/ Overheating/ Abundant natural resources in the building/ Fresh air
§ 论点4 – 影响人们的心情
□ Architectural design is highly related to people’s moods.
□ 参考词汇在压力下保持好心情/用暖色装饰的房间/给人心灵安慰/压抑的环境没有窗户/焦虑/心烦/精神疾病
□ Keep a good mood under stress/ Properly decorated room with warm color/A comfort to people’s mind/ Depressed environment with no windows/ Anxious/ Upset/ Mental illness
• 23有些人认为经验是最好的老师。生活经验比书本或正规学校教育更有效
○ 观点1 – 人生经历
○ Personally speaking, life experiences can teach more effectively than books or formal school education.
§ 论点1 - 更好地理解知识，提高学习表现
□ Life experiences can help students improve their academic performance.
□ 参考词汇提供理论知识应用于实际生活的机会/更好地理解知识/提高学习效率
□ Provide opportunities to apply the theoretical knowledge into real life/ Better to understand knowledge/ Improve learning efficiency
§ 论点2 - 帮学生掌握实用技能
□ Life experience can improve students’practical skills.
□ 参考词汇提高实践能力/时间管理能力/批判性思维能力/解决问题能力/加快理论知识向实践的转化
□ Enhance practical skills/ Time-management skills/ Critical-thinking skills/ Problem-solving skills/ Speed up the transformation of theoretical knowledge into actual practice
§ 论点3 - 有利于提高未来求职中的竞争力
□ Life experience can strengthen student’s competitiveness in future job hunting.
□ 参考词汇职业发展/边做边学/与工作相关的技能和经验/求职市场
□ Career development/ Learning by doing/ Job-related skills and experiences/ job hunting market
§ 论点4 - 帮助学生建立社交网络
□ Life experience can help students broaden social network.
□ 参考词汇结识各界人士/懂得与人相处/交朋友/沟通能力
□ Meeting people from all walks of life/ Know how to get along with others/ Make friends/ communication ability
○ 观点2 – 书本和正统教育
§ Personally speaking, books and formal school education teach people more effectively compared with life experience.
§ 论点1 - 能够帮人巩固学习的基础，从而在实战中得到更好的应用
□ Students need to understand the fundamental theories taught in schools and learn from related case studies in books so that they could apply theories better in practice.
□ 参考词汇基础、基本要素/抽象理论/案例研究/知识应用
□ Foundation, Fundamental elements/ Abstract theories/ Case studies/ Knowledge application
§ 论点2 - 能够系统地总结前人的经验，让人们少走了很多弯路
□ Books have systematically summarized people’s experiences from the past, which makes people take few detours after absorbing knowledge in formal education.
□ 参考词汇系统学习/吸取过去的经验/绕路/避免不必要的错误
□ Systematic learning/ Learn from past experience/ Detour/ Avoid unnecessary mistakes
§ 论点3 – 学校和书本上的知识更加准确客观
□ Compared with personal life experience, books and formal education can transfer more objective and accurate knowledge.
□ 参考词汇便于携带/抽象知识/具体项目/学术资源
□ Easy to carry/ Abstract knowledge/ Concrete items/ Academic resources
§ 论点4 - 书本/正规教育节省学习的时间
□ Books and formal education can save students’ time of learning with application of a systematic methodology and well-designed curriculums.
□ 参考词汇省时/高效学习/科学专业的教学方法
□ Timesaving/ Efficient learning/ Scientific and professional teaching methods
• 24 随着在线数字媒体的增加，图书馆的作用已经过时。大学应该只购买数字材料，而不是不断更新教科书
○ Personally speaking, there are both advantages and disadvantages of procuring new digital media rather than constantly textbooks.
○ Body Paragraph 1 – 优点
§ 优点1 - 借阅更省时间，可以提高学习效率
□ Electronic books can be read by students without time limits and geographic barriers, which greatly improves student’s learning efficiency compared with borrowing paper books from library.
□ 参考词汇
□ Time saving/ Instant reading/ Accessible/ Waiting time/ Tablets
§ 优点2 - 节省公共空间以用作其他更有意义的事情
□ Electronic books help to save more public space for university that can be used for other meaningful things.
□ 参考词汇节约公共空间/储存数以千计的印刷教科书/更多的活动，如定期举行读书俱乐部会议
□ Public space saving/ Storage space for thousands of printed textbooks/ More activities like holding regular book club meetings
○ Body Paragraph 2 – 缺点
§ 缺点1 - 增加学校的开支
□ Procuring new digital media rather than textbooks would increase the university cost.
□ 参考词汇电子书需要昂贵的硬件/电脑/维护费/设备/更高的库存成本
□ E-books require expensive hardware/ Computers/ Maintenance fee/ Equipment/ Higher inventory cost
§ 缺点2 - 有损学生的视力
□ Procuring digital materials rather than textbooks would damage students’ visual system.
□ 参考词汇数字材料需要显示在智能设备的屏幕上/造成眼睛疲劳/对学生的眼睛有害/视力下降
□ Digital materials need to be displayed on screens of smart devices/ Cause eyestrain/ Detrimental on students’ eyes/ Diminution of vision
• 25随着城市的扩张，一些人声称，政府应该着眼于为每个人创造更好的公共交通网络，而不是为拥有汽车的人口建造更多的道路。
○ 观点1 – 改善公交
§ Personally speaking, governments should look forward to creating better networks of public transportation available for everyone rather than building more roads for vehicle owning population.
§ 论点1 - 公共交通是对于大多数普通家庭来说最经济的出行方式
□ The public transport system is the most economical way of commuting for the common people living in an expanded city.
□ 参考词汇交通/旅行费用/便宜/现代家庭/实惠的价格
□ Transportation/ Travel expense/ Cheap/ Modern families/ Affordable price
§ 论点2 - 减少路面的拥堵问题，节约上下班的时间成本
□ Public transport relieves the traffic congestion problem on roads, which saves the time cost for people in the rush hours as cities are expanding.
□ 参考词汇交通堵塞/通勤时间长/节省时间/路上车辆少/大容量载客多
□ Traffic jams/ Time for commuting/ Time saving/ Less vehicles on road/ Large capacity to carry more passengers
§ 论点3 - 减少资源消耗，更加环保
□ Public transport is more environmentally friendly and helps conserve natural resources to cope with city expansion.
□ 参考词汇人均能源消费/可再生能源驱动/公共交通电气化
□ Per capital energy consumption/ Driven by renewable energy/ Electrified public transport
§ 论点4 - 大幅减少温室气体排放
□ The carbon footprint per passenger per kilometre for public transport is lower than that of private cars, which makes a great contribution to address global warming problem during city expansion.
□ 参考词汇碳足迹/二氧化碳/全球变暖/减少排放/改善空气质量
□ Carbon footprint/ Carbon dioxide/ Global warming/ Cut emissions/ Improve air quality
○ 观点2 – 多修路
§ Personally speaking, governments should look forward to building more roads for vehicle owning population rather than creating better networks of public transportation.
§ 论点1 - 节约出行时间
□ Building more roads for vehicle owning population can save people’s commuting time living in a sprawling city.
□ 参考词汇拥有灵活的出行路线/缓解交通拥堵/不需要花时间等待公共交通工具
□ Own flexible traveling routes/ Ease traffic congestion/ No need to spend time waiting for public transportation
§ 论点2 - 出行更加舒适、自由
□ Building more roads for vehicle owning population can make people travel more freely and comfortably in a crowded expanding city.
□ 参考词汇私人空间/宽敞座椅/新鲜空气流通/一站式到达/自由程度和满意度提高
□ Private space/ Spacious seats/ Fresh air circulation/ One-stop arrival/ Level of freedom and satisfaction raise
§ 论点3 - 促进城市化发展，加速城市扩张, 从而缩小城乡差距
□ Building more roads can promote urbanization and accelerate urban expansion.
□ 参考词汇缩小城乡差距/促进社会经济发展/物流中心
□ Narrow the gap between urban and rural areas/ Promote social and economic development/ Logistics center
§ 论点4 – 多修路可以提高就业率
□ building more roads can efficiently increase employment rate in urban expansion as road construction will generate a large amount of occupations.
□ 参考词汇劳动力需求大/工人多/建设周期长/解决失业问题
□ Large demand of labor forces/ Lots of workers/ Long construction period/ Tackle unemployment issue
• 26人们投入工作的时间留给个人生活的时间很少。这个问题有多普遍?时间短缺会导致什么问题？
○ Personally speaking, it is an extremely widespread phenomenon in our society that people nowadays devote more time to their jobs, which leaves very little time for their personal lives, and this shortage of time brings lots of problems.
○ Body Paragraph 1 – 非常普遍
§ 论点1 - 物价上涨，人们需要赚更多的钱
□ As commodity prices go up sharply, people need to earn more money, which resulting in the imbalance between jobs and personal lives.
□ 参考词汇通货膨胀/货币贬值/昂贵的房价/难以置信的高生活面积
□ Inflation/ Currency devaluation/ Expensive house prices/ Incredible high living expanse
§ 论点2 - 社会竞争压力大，各行各业竞争激烈
□ The imbalance between jobs and personal lives is caused by the fierce competitive among different industries.
□ 参考词汇社会竞争压力/更多受过良好教育的劳动力/付出更多的时间和精力/达成KPI
□ Social competition pressure/ More well-educated labor force/ Pay more time and energy/ Achieve KPI
§ 论点3 –大部分工作的薪酬都取决于绩效，所以人们要更加努力工作有能有更高的薪水
□ Salary for most workers has high dependence on the employees’ performance, like commissions, which results in people having to devote themselves more into their jobs.
□ 参考词汇基本工资/提成/体面的报酬/与同事竞争
□ Basic salary/ Commissions/ Decent payment/ Compete with colleagues
§ 论点4 – 公司普遍会为了减少运营成本，加大员工工作量
□ To reduce operating costs, most companies would recruit fewer employees, so that existing staff have to be stretched to do more work in longer hours, leading to the imbalance.
□ 参考词汇工作量大/员工最好的产出/公司要求高
□ Heavy workload/ Best outputs of employees/ High demand of company
○ Body Paragraph 2 –造成的问题
§ 论点1 - 造成员工心理压力和抑郁
□ This unbalance of work and life may cause people to suffer from stress and depression because they don’t have time to take a good rest.
□ 参考词汇压力/抑郁/焦虑/悲伤/迟钝
□ Pressure/ Depression/ Anxiety/ Sadness/ Dullness
§ 论点2 - 造成家庭关系的破裂
□ It creates disputes between workers and their spouses, which might lead to marital breakdown.
□ 参考词汇周末工作/很少有时间陪家人/不快乐/人际关系
□ Working on weekends/ Little time to spend with families/ Unhappiness/ Relationship
§ 论点3 - 损害身体健康
□ People may suffer from serious physical problems including diabetes, high blood pressure, and spondylosis due to long working periods and the lack of exercise time.
□ 参考词汇身体问题/慢性疾病/健康问题/免疫系统
□ Physical problems/ chronic diseases/ Health issues/ Immune system
§ 论点4 –没时间享受自己的兴趣爱好
□ This unbalance leaves no time for the individuals to develop new hobbies and find out new careers that they might be interested in.
□ 参考词汇新的职业/爱好/兴趣/休息时间/享受生活
□ New career/ Hobbies/ Interests/ Downtime/ Enjoy life
• 27 如今，在工作和生活的其他方面，比如与家人相处的时间和休闲需求之间保持平衡越来越难了。你认为这种平衡有多重要？为什么人们觉得这个平衡很难实现？】
○ Personally speaking, it is extremely important to maintain the right balance between work and other aspects of life. However, people find it hard to achieve.
○ Body Paragraph 1 – 非常重要
§ 论点1 - 平衡工作和生活可以保障人们的身体健康
□ Balancing work and life can ensure people's physical health.
□ 参考词汇Schedule breaks/ Regularly eating time/ Improve people’s immunity/ Resist physical disease 安排休息时间/有规律的吃饭时间/提高免疫力/抵抗身体疾病
§ 论点2 - 平衡工作和生活可以保障人们的心理健康
□ Balancing work and life is extremely significant to ensure people's psychological health.
□ 参考词汇Intense working hours/ Take breaks to reduce stress/ Prevent from depression and other mental diseases 高强度的工作时间/休息以减少压力/预防抑郁和其他精神疾病
§ 论点3 –平衡工作和生活可以提高工作效率
□ Balancing work and life can improvee working efficiency.
□ 参考词汇Prevent burnout and negative emotion in the workplace/ maintain a healthier and productive workforce 防止工作场所的倦怠和消极情绪/保持一个更健康和高效的员工队伍
§ 论点4 –平衡工作和生活可以延长人们的寿命和幸福感
□ Obtaining this balanced status can help people to extend their longevity and life happiness.
□ 参考词汇Life expectancy/ Life happiness/Family happiness index/ Enjoy personal life 预期寿命/生活幸福度/家庭幸福指数/享受个人生活
○ Body Paragraph 2 –为什么难以实现
§ 论点1 - 社会竞争压力大
□ Thriving in a career needs an enormous amount of time and effort because of high competition in today’s society, which makes little time for family.
□ 参考词汇Career development/ Competition between peers/ Stress 职业发展/同行竞争/压力
§ 论点2 - 经济压力大需要更努力工作赚钱养家糊口
□ Employees have to commit to achieving their career goals to get financial rewards because it is the main source of a person’s income to make a living or support the family.
□ 参考词汇Make a living/ Financial freedom/ Financial burden/ Inflation/ Currency devaluation 谋生/财政自由/财政负担/通货膨胀/货币贬值
§ 论点3 - 工作需要花费大量的时间
□ Having a profound career development needs an individual to devote more time while each person has only limited time.
□ 参考词汇Career development/ Limited time/ Professional experience/ Changeling working tasks职业发展/时间有限/专业经验/工作任务变更
§ 论点4 –公司普遍会为了减少运营成本，加大员工工作量
□ To reduce operating costs, most company would recruit fewer employees, so that existing staffs have to be stretched to do more work in longer hours, leading to the imbalance.
□ 参考词汇Heavy workload/ Best outputs of employees/ High demand of company 工作量大/员工最好的产出/公司要求高
• 28 描述一项最近的发明，并解释你认为它对社会的影响，无论是有益的还是有害的
○ 观点1 - 线上支付
○ Personally speaking, the online payment method is the most adventurous invention in the 21st century in this technological world, and it brings advantages to the human society.
○ Body Paragraph 1 – 描述发明
§ 论点 - 线上支付不需要现金，人们只要刷卡就可以完成购买支付过程。
□ By the online payment method, consumers can easily tap their cards on the POS machine by credit cards to finish their purchase process.
□ 参考词汇现金/纸币/支付宝/ POS机/信用卡
□ Cash/ Notes/ Alli-pay/ POS machine/ Credit cards
○ Body Paragraph 2 – 优点/缺点 *优点和缺点任选一个
§ 优点 - 网上交易方式节省人们的购物时间
□ Online payment method can save people’s shopping time.
□ 参考词汇不需要提现/ ATM机/等待换卡时间/轻松刷卡/提高采购流程效率
□ Do not need to withdraw cash/ ATM machine/ Waiting for changing time/ Tap cards easily/ Increase the purchasing process efficiency
§ 缺点 – 个人信息泄露
□ Online payment method can result in leakage of personal informaiton.
□ 参考词汇隐私/数据安全/网络犯罪/记录交易/现金交易/银行对账单
□ Privacy/ Data security/ Cyber crime/ Record transaction/ Cash transaction/ Bank Statement
○ 观点2 - 人工智能
§ Personally speaking, the artificial intelligence is the most adventurous invention in the 21st century in this technological world, but it brings disadvantages to the human society.
§ Body Paragraph 1 – 描述发明
§ 论点 - 人工智能是一门新的技术科学，它是研究和扩展人的智能的理论，尝试用机器代替人工
□ Artificial intelligence is a new technical science, it is to study and expand the theory of human intelligence, try to use machines to replace human workforce.
□ 参考词汇计算机/技术/罗伯茨/复杂的计算
□ Computers/ Technology/ Roberts/ Complicated calculation
§ Body Paragraph 2 – 优点/缺点 *优点和缺点任选一个
□ 优点 – 通过替代人类劳动力而减低人工成本
® The spread of artificial intelligence can reduce labor cost for enterprises.
® 参考词汇雇主被机器/制造业/劳动力密集型产业所取代
® Employers are replaced by machines/ Manufacturing industries/ Labors intensive industry
□ 缺点 - 开发人工智能占用大量的国家资金
® The development of artificial intelligence takes up a large amount of national funds.
® 参考词汇耗时/占用国家资源和资金/合理分配国家资金
® Time consuming/ Occupy national resources and funds/ Allocate national funds wisely
• 29电视有多种功能
○ 观点– 同意
○ Personally speaking, I strongly agree that television can make us feel relaxed and it also acts as a companion.
○ Body Paragraph 1 – Relaxation放松
§ 放松 1 - 消磨时间
§ Television can make you feel relaxed because people can use the programs to kill time during their spare time.
§ 参考词汇
§ Accompany the elders/ Emotional relief/ Leisure time/ off work/ TV series
§ 放松2 - 娱乐性
§ Television can make you feel relaxed due to its entertaining feature.
§ 参考词汇
§ Interesting programs/ Catering for different age groups/ Soap drama/ talk shows/ reality shows
○ Body Paragraph 2 – Companion 陪伴
§ 陪伴1 - 连接老人和亲人的媒介
§ Television can act as media between the elder people and their younger relatives.
§ 参考词汇
§ Understand what happened outside/ Have more common topics with the young/ Enhance the family relationship
§ 陪伴2 – 感受更多人生体验
§ Television can broaden viewers’ horizon especially for the poor populations who cannot visit a place or experience the culture in person.
§ 参考词汇
§ High quality of vividness/ Sense of participation and gratification/ Enrich the cultural life/ Tourism program
• 30体验式学习（即通过“实践”来学习）在正统教育中效果很好。
○ 观点1 – 同意
§ Personally speaking, experiential learning is extremely beneficial in high school or college.
§ 论点1 - 加速将课本知识转化为实用技能，更加实用
□ Experiential learning is able to help students speed up the transformation of textbook knowledge into practical skills.
□ 参考词汇
□ Practical skills/ Transformation of textbook knowledge/ Have actual operation items
§ 论点2 - 提高学生在日后找工作中的竞争力
□ Experiential learning can enhance the competitiveness of students in the future job hunting.
□ 参考词汇
□ Competitiveness, competitive/ Accumulate experience/ Problem-solving skills/ Labor market
§ 论点3 - 可以系统总结经验，让人们少走弯路
□ Experiential learning will help students systematically summarized experiences from the past, which makes students take few detours after absorbing knowledge from the learning
□ 参考词汇
□ Learn from past experience/ Systematic learning process/ Avoid mistakes
§ 论点4 - 体验式学习让学习变得轻松愉快
□ Experiential learning can make learning easy and fun, which facilitates learning process effectively.
□ 参考词汇
□ Academic knowledge is dull/ Efficient learning/ Vivid operation process
○ 观点2 – 不同意
§ Personally speaking, experiential learning is not beneficial in high school or college
§ 论点1 - 会使学生分心，导致学业质量下降
□ Experiential learning distracts students from studying and will lead to poor academic performance.
□ 参考词汇
□ Less concentrated/ Distracted, distraction/ Poor academic performance/ Exam-oriented education
§ 论点2 - 会浪费大量时间造成不必要时间成本的浪费
□ Experiential learning is time-consuming and will increase the time cost of learning.
□ 参考词汇
□ Time-consuming/ Complex process/ Trial and error/ Time cost of learning
§ 论点3 - 体验式学习的学习成果不易衡量
□ The outcome of experiential leaning cannot be effectively evaluated and marked.
□ 参考词汇
□ Learning outcome/ Not be easily measured and scored/ Benchmark
§ 论点4 - 体验式学习可能会增加学校的经济负担
□ Experiential learning may increase the financial burden on universities.
□ 参考词汇
□ Financial burden/ Expensive equipment/ Heavy costs on purchasing tools/ Advanced laboratory

杲杲 · 发表于 2023-3-5 20:34:45

不知道怎么仅仅复制文字，稍微有点乱码，但是无伤大雅。

杲杲 · 发表于 2023-3-5 20:36:16

这一部分萤火虫没有更新，星际SWT有两篇
1.营销目标是一个组织希望实现的营销目标或目标，如在两年内将市场份额从9%提高到12%。营销目标引导业务的方向。经营一家企业却不知道你的目标，就像开车却不知道你要去哪里一样。有些企业在没有设定营销目标的情况下也取得了一定程度的成功;偶然发现一个成功的商业模式。但为什么要靠运气呢?如果公司设定了营销目标，成功的可能性就会增加，因为决策会更加专注。营销目标必须与公司的总体目标相一致。它们不能由营销部门单独设定。实现把份额从9%提高到12%的销售目标将有助于实现公司的增长目标。为了有效，营销目标应该是可量化和可衡量的。目标也应该在一个时间框架内设定。雀巢可以设定的一个营销目标是，到明年年底，使奇kat的销量增长9%。宝马(BMW)等汽车制造商可以设定以下营销目标:“在未来12个月内，将宝马3系汽车在中国的销量从25万辆增加到40万辆。”在汽车制造等行业，制定销量目标可能特别重要，因为在这个市场运营的固定成本很高。如果能够增加销售量，高的固定成本将被分散到更多的产出单位上，从而降低单位固定成本。

答案：A marketing objective is a marketing target or goal, and marketing objectives steer the direction of the business, which means that marketing objectives must be compatible with the overall objectives of the company, so marketing objectives should be quantifiable and measurable; targets should also be set within a time frame.
翻译：营销目标是一个营销目标或目标，营销目标引导企业的方向，这意味着营销目标必须与公司的总体目标相兼容，因此营销目标应该是可量化和可测量的;目标也应该在一定的时间范围内设定。

2.答案：Although anyone can buy a 3D printer to participate in creating things, not just anyone can create original designs for 3D-printed artifacts, so Madeline Gannon has developed an innovative new system called Tactum, which lets users create their own unique designs for 3D printers by simply touching a projected image, and that impulse has resulted in a spectacular diversity of bracelet and necklace designs with a companion projected called Reverb.
虽然任何人都可以购买3D打印机来参与创造事物，但并不是任何人都可以为3D打印的艺术品创建原始设计，因此Madeline Gannon开发了一个名为Tactum的创新新系统，它可以让用户通过简单地触摸投影图像来创建自己独特的3D打印机设计，这种冲动导致了手镯和项链设计的壮观多样性，并伴有一个名为Reverb的投影。

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