江湖在历史不同时期有不同的定义
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<P data-pid="vOYuEbNd">首先江湖的称谓最早是由庄子提出的。</P>
<BLOCKQUOTE data-pid="AuCL1oJu">《<SPAN><A class="RichContent-EntityWord css-b7erz1" href="https://www.zhihu.com/search?q=%E5%BA%84%E5%AD%90%C2%B7%E5%86%85%E7%AF%87%C2%B7%E9%80%8D%E9%81%A5%E6%B8%B8%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80&search_source=Entity&hybrid_search_source=Entity&hybrid_search_extra=%7B%22sourceType%22%3A%22answer%22%2C%22sourceId%22%3A1362076412%7D" target=_blank data-paste-text="true" data-za-not-track-link="true"><FONT color=#0066cc>庄子·内篇·逍遥游第一<SVG class=css-1dvsrp viewBox="0 0 15 15" height="10px" width="10px"><PATH fill="currentColor" d="M10.89 9.477l3.06 3.059a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 1.414l-3.06-3.06a6 6 0 1 1 1.414-1.414zM6 10a4 4 0 1 0 0-8 4 4 0 0 0 0 8z"></PATH></SVG></FONT></A></SPAN>》：今子有五石之瓠，何不虑以为大樽而浮乎江湖，而忧其瓠落无所容？<BR>《<SPAN><A class="RichContent-EntityWord css-b7erz1" href="https://www.zhihu.com/search?q=%E5%BA%84%E5%AD%90%C2%B7%E5%86%85%E7%AF%87%C2%B7%E5%A4%A7%E5%AE%97%E5%B8%88%E7%AC%AC%E5%85%AD&search_source=Entity&hybrid_search_source=Entity&hybrid_search_extra=%7B%22sourceType%22%3A%22answer%22%2C%22sourceId%22%3A1362076412%7D" target=_blank data-paste-text="true" data-za-not-track-link="true"><FONT color=#0066cc>庄子·内篇·大宗师第六<SVG class=css-1dvsrp viewBox="0 0 15 15" height="10px" width="10px"><PATH fill="currentColor" d="M10.89 9.477l3.06 3.059a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 1.414l-3.06-3.06a6 6 0 1 1 1.414-1.414zM6 10a4 4 0 1 0 0-8 4 4 0 0 0 0 8z"></PATH></SVG></FONT></A></SPAN>》：泉涸，鱼相与处于陆，相以湿，相濡以沫，不如相忘于江湖。<BR>《庄子·内篇·大宗师第六》：鱼相忘乎江湖，人相忘乎道术。<BR>《<SPAN><A class="RichContent-EntityWord css-b7erz1" href="https://www.zhihu.com/search?q=%E5%BA%84%E5%AD%90%C2%B7%E5%A4%96%E7%AF%87%C2%B7%E8%87%B3-%E4%B9%90%E7%AC%AC%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AB&search_source=Entity&hybrid_search_source=Entity&hybrid_search_extra=%7B%22sourceType%22%3A%22answer%22%2C%22sourceId%22%3A1362076412%7D" target=_blank data-paste-text="true" data-za-not-track-link="true"><FONT color=#0066cc>庄子·外篇·至-乐第十八<SVG class=css-1dvsrp viewBox="0 0 15 15" height="10px" width="10px"><PATH fill="currentColor" d="M10.89 9.477l3.06 3.059a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 1.414l-3.06-3.06a6 6 0 1 1 1.414-1.414zM6 10a4 4 0 1 0 0-8 4 4 0 0 0 0 8z"></PATH></SVG></FONT></A></SPAN>》：夫以鸟养养鸟者，宜栖之深林，游之坛陆，浮之江湖。<BR>《<SPAN><A class="RichContent-EntityWord css-b7erz1" href="https://www.zhihu.com/search?q=%E5%BA%84%E5%AD%90%C2%B7%E5%A4%96%E7%AF%87%C2%B7%E5%B1%B1%E6%9C%A8%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81&search_source=Entity&hybrid_search_source=Entity&hybrid_search_extra=%7B%22sourceType%22%3A%22answer%22%2C%22sourceId%22%3A1362076412%7D" target=_blank data-paste-text="true" data-za-not-track-link="true"><FONT color=#0066cc>庄子·外篇·山木第二十<SVG class=css-1dvsrp viewBox="0 0 15 15" height="10px" width="10px"><PATH fill="currentColor" d="M10.89 9.477l3.06 3.059a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 1.414l-3.06-3.06a6 6 0 1 1 1.414-1.414zM6 10a4 4 0 1 0 0-8 4 4 0 0 0 0 8z"></PATH></SVG></FONT></A></SPAN>》：夫丰狐文豹，栖于山林，伏于岩穴，静也；夜行昼居，戒也；虽饥渴-隐约，犹旦胥疏于江湖之上而求食焉，定也；然且不免于罔罗机辟之患。</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P data-pid="eUgoWJcm">换句话说就是，春秋战国时期～残唐五代时期，江湖同时包括朝廷和民间社会。</P>
<P data-pid="X567o0nd">其次是北宋时期的<SPAN><A class="RichContent-EntityWord css-b7erz1" href="https://www.zhihu.com/search?q=%E8%8C%83%E4%BB%B2%E6%B7%B9&search_source=Entity&hybrid_search_source=Entity&hybrid_search_extra=%7B%22sourceType%22%3A%22answer%22%2C%22sourceId%22%3A1362076412%7D" target=_blank data-paste-text="true" data-za-not-track-link="true"><FONT color=#0066cc>范仲淹<SVG class=css-1dvsrp viewBox="0 0 15 15" height="10px" width="10px"><PATH fill="currentColor" d="M10.89 9.477l3.06 3.059a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 1.414l-3.06-3.06a6 6 0 1 1 1.414-1.414zM6 10a4 4 0 1 0 0-8 4 4 0 0 0 0 8z"></PATH></SVG></FONT></A></SPAN>把江湖和朝廷的概念分开，创造出庙堂这一词汇，用来单指朝廷。而江湖的定义就开始局限于民间社会，和朝廷相对分开。</P>
<BLOCKQUOTE data-pid="wNRoMc9h">《<SPAN><A class="RichContent-EntityWord css-b7erz1" href="https://www.zhihu.com/search?q=%E5%B2%B3%E9%98%B3%E6%A5%BC%E8%AE%B0&search_source=Entity&hybrid_search_source=Entity&hybrid_search_extra=%7B%22sourceType%22%3A%22answer%22%2C%22sourceId%22%3A1362076412%7D" target=_blank data-paste-text="true" data-za-not-track-link="true"><FONT color=#0066cc>岳阳楼记<SVG class=css-1dvsrp viewBox="0 0 15 15" height="10px" width="10px"><PATH fill="currentColor" d="M10.89 9.477l3.06 3.059a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 1.414l-3.06-3.06a6 6 0 1 1 1.414-1.414zM6 10a4 4 0 1 0 0-8 4 4 0 0 0 0 8z"></PATH></SVG></FONT></A></SPAN>》：<BR>嗟夫！予尝求古仁人之心，或异二者之为，何哉？不以物喜，不以己悲，【<B>居庙堂之高则忧其民，处江湖之远则忧其君】。</B>是进亦忧，退亦忧。然则何时而乐耶？<BR>其必曰“<SPAN><A class="RichContent-EntityWord css-b7erz1" href="https://www.zhihu.com/search?q=%E5%85%88%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%8B%E4%B9%8B%E5%BF%A7%E8%80%8C%E5%BF%A7&search_source=Entity&hybrid_search_source=Entity&hybrid_search_extra=%7B%22sourceType%22%3A%22answer%22%2C%22sourceId%22%3A1362076412%7D" target=_blank data-paste-text="true" data-za-not-track-link="true"><FONT color=#0066cc>先天下之忧而忧<SVG class=css-1dvsrp viewBox="0 0 15 15" height="10px" width="10px"><PATH fill="currentColor" d="M10.89 9.477l3.06 3.059a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 1.414l-3.06-3.06a6 6 0 1 1 1.414-1.414zM6 10a4 4 0 1 0 0-8 4 4 0 0 0 0 8z"></PATH></SVG></FONT></A></SPAN>，后天下之乐而乐”乎！噫！微斯人，<SPAN><A class="RichContent-EntityWord css-b7erz1" href="https://www.zhihu.com/search?q=%E5%90%BE%E8%B0%81%E4%B8%8E%E5%BD%92&search_source=Entity&hybrid_search_source=Entity&hybrid_search_extra=%7B%22sourceType%22%3A%22answer%22%2C%22sourceId%22%3A1362076412%7D" target=_blank data-paste-text="true" data-za-not-track-link="true"><FONT color=#0066cc>吾谁与归<SVG class=css-1dvsrp viewBox="0 0 15 15" height="10px" width="10px"><PATH fill="currentColor" d="M10.89 9.477l3.06 3.059a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 1.414l-3.06-3.06a6 6 0 1 1 1.414-1.414zM6 10a4 4 0 1 0 0-8 4 4 0 0 0 0 8z"></PATH></SVG></FONT></A></SPAN>？<BR>时六年九月十五日。</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P data-pid="kW6gF7bh">换句话说就是，北宋～明清时期，江湖特指民间社会。但庙堂和江湖的界限并非泾渭分明，而是相互勾连，亦有部分庙堂人士也混江湖。</P>
<P data-pid="X6XMaeWn">最后是民国时期的大军阀张作霖认为：江湖是人情世故（同时包括朝廷和民间）。似乎张作霖的观点和古龙以及庄子大同小异，<B>都认为：“有人的地方就有江湖”。</B></P>
<P data-pid="0S6VY9gR">PS：说到底，江湖可以包括庙堂（朝廷），也可以单指民间社会。因为每个人对江湖的理解不同，我只能是把不同人对江湖的理解列出来供大家参考。</P>
<P data-pid="GtBi6HZB">特别提一点：江湖不是X社会，很多人读了一些二流、三流、乃至不入流的武侠小说就认为江湖=X社会。但实际历史上的江湖并非如此，混江湖不一定必须犯罪，犯罪也不是江湖的主流。</P>
<P data-pid="9ojQRr91">而且动私刑在法制不健全的中国古代和近代社会广泛存在，应该说古代朝廷也不提倡私人执法，但受限于实际情况，只能在一定限度内允许私刑的存在。</P>
<P data-pid="qR-7mtGG">例如：<SPAN><A class="RichContent-EntityWord css-b7erz1" href="https://www.zhihu.com/search?q=%E4%BA%94%E4%BC%A6&search_source=Entity&hybrid_search_source=Entity&hybrid_search_extra=%7B%22sourceType%22%3A%22answer%22%2C%22sourceId%22%3A1362076412%7D" target=_blank data-paste-text="true" data-za-not-track-link="true"><FONT color=#0066cc>五伦<SVG class=css-1dvsrp viewBox="0 0 15 15" height="10px" width="10px"><PATH fill="currentColor" d="M10.89 9.477l3.06 3.059a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 1.414l-3.06-3.06a6 6 0 1 1 1.414-1.414zM6 10a4 4 0 1 0 0-8 4 4 0 0 0 0 8z"></PATH></SVG></FONT></A></SPAN>范围内的私人复仇、杀土匪等公认的坏人、父母可以将不孝子女打死、奸夫淫妇被追杀/<SPAN><A class="RichContent-EntityWord css-b7erz1" href="https://www.zhihu.com/search?q=%E6%B5%B8%E7%8C%AA%E7%AC%BC&search_source=Entity&hybrid_search_source=Entity&hybrid_search_extra=%7B%22sourceType%22%3A%22answer%22%2C%22sourceId%22%3A1362076412%7D" target=_blank data-paste-text="true" data-za-not-track-link="true"><FONT color=#0066cc>浸猪笼<SVG class=css-1dvsrp viewBox="0 0 15 15" height="10px" width="10px"><PATH fill="currentColor" d="M10.89 9.477l3.06 3.059a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 1.414l-3.06-3.06a6 6 0 1 1 1.414-1.414zM6 10a4 4 0 1 0 0-8 4 4 0 0 0 0 8z"></PATH></SVG></FONT></A></SPAN>、签生死状的私人决斗等。（<SPAN><A class="RichContent-EntityWord css-b7erz1" href="https://www.zhihu.com/search?q=%E6%B8%85%E5%AE%98%E9%9A%BE%E6%96%AD%E5%AE%B6%E5%8A%A1%E4%BA%8B&search_source=Entity&hybrid_search_source=Entity&hybrid_search_extra=%7B%22sourceType%22%3A%22answer%22%2C%22sourceId%22%3A1362076412%7D" target=_blank data-paste-text="true" data-za-not-track-link="true"><FONT color=#0066cc>清官难断家务事<SVG class=css-1dvsrp viewBox="0 0 15 15" height="10px" width="10px"><PATH fill="currentColor" d="M10.89 9.477l3.06 3.059a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 1.414l-3.06-3.06a6 6 0 1 1 1.414-1.414zM6 10a4 4 0 1 0 0-8 4 4 0 0 0 0 8z"></PATH></SVG></FONT></A></SPAN>）</P>
<P data-pid="XHl-5c1C">因为古代社会是以礼教伦理为中心，法律为辅助的社会。特别是明清时期，司法机关对案件的审理多采取父母官式的<SPAN><A class="RichContent-EntityWord css-b7erz1" href="https://www.zhihu.com/search?q=%E5%AE%A1%E5%88%A4%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F&search_source=Entity&hybrid_search_source=Entity&hybrid_search_extra=%7B%22sourceType%22%3A%22answer%22%2C%22sourceId%22%3A1362076412%7D" target=_blank data-paste-text="true" data-za-not-track-link="true"><FONT color=#0066cc>审判模式<SVG class=css-1dvsrp viewBox="0 0 15 15" height="10px" width="10px"><PATH fill="currentColor" d="M10.89 9.477l3.06 3.059a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 1.414l-3.06-3.06a6 6 0 1 1 1.414-1.414zM6 10a4 4 0 1 0 0-8 4 4 0 0 0 0 8z"></PATH></SVG></FONT></A></SPAN>，也就是说县令等司法官员有自由裁量权，判决不一定必须符合法律，只要该行为符合礼教，就不涉刑。</P>
<P data-pid="RCbuO8_k">在古代社会，“息诉”是各级官府机关的首要价值取向，涉及谋反除外。“息诉”就是个人或团体之间私人恩怨尽量自己解决，不要总是麻烦官府，如果你用总打官司、总提交诉状等行为，还会被古代各级官府看成刁民加以严厉打击。</P>
<P data-pid="8bZYsnBR"><B>古人不会有现代人的想法，我们必须站在古人的立场上（依次是：当时的道德、潜规则、法律等），去理解古人的行为和思想，不然你会觉得古人一切都是迷信、一切都是野蛮、一切都是荒谬。这是一种现代人的狂妄、自大和无知。</B></P>
<P data-pid="8Jm-6GVh"><B>“<SPAN><A class="RichContent-EntityWord css-b7erz1" href="https://www.zhihu.com/search?q=%E6%B3%95%E4%B8%8D%E6%BA%AF%E5%8F%8A%E6%97%A2%E5%BE%80&search_source=Entity&hybrid_search_source=Entity&hybrid_search_extra=%7B%22sourceType%22%3A%22answer%22%2C%22sourceId%22%3A1362076412%7D" target=_blank data-paste-text="true" data-za-not-track-link="true"><FONT color=#0066cc>法不溯及既往<SVG class=css-1dvsrp viewBox="0 0 15 15" height="10px" width="10px"><PATH fill="currentColor" d="M10.89 9.477l3.06 3.059a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 1.414l-3.06-3.06a6 6 0 1 1 1.414-1.414zM6 10a4 4 0 1 0 0-8 4 4 0 0 0 0 8z"></PATH></SVG></FONT></A></SPAN>”是一项基本原则。通俗地讲，就是不能用今天的法律法规、各项规章制度去约束昨天的行为、活动。</B></P>
<P data-pid="FtlY6juW"><B>你不能用现代社会的法律去判定古代乃至近代的行为是否合法，难不成你今天做一件事还要考虑几百年后是否涉嫌违法犯罪？？？</B></P>
<P data-pid="7YPzAqRi">比如说：武松打虎是否涉嫌捕杀<SPAN><A class="RichContent-EntityWord css-b7erz1" href="https://www.zhihu.com/search?q=%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E4%BA%8C%E7%BA%A7%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9&search_source=Entity&hybrid_search_source=Entity&hybrid_search_extra=%7B%22sourceType%22%3A%22answer%22%2C%22sourceId%22%3A1362076412%7D" target=_blank data-paste-text="true" data-za-not-track-link="true"><FONT color=#0066cc>国家二级保护动物<SVG class=css-1dvsrp viewBox="0 0 15 15" height="10px" width="10px"><PATH fill="currentColor" d="M10.89 9.477l3.06 3.059a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 1.414l-3.06-3.06a6 6 0 1 1 1.414-1.414zM6 10a4 4 0 1 0 0-8 4 4 0 0 0 0 8z"></PATH></SVG></FONT></A></SPAN>；华佗为何可以没有行医资格证就乱治人；<SPAN><A class="RichContent-EntityWord css-b7erz1" href="https://www.zhihu.com/search?q=%E5%85%83%E8%B0%8B%E4%BA%BA&search_source=Entity&hybrid_search_source=Entity&hybrid_search_extra=%7B%22sourceType%22%3A%22answer%22%2C%22sourceId%22%3A1362076412%7D" target=_blank data-paste-text="true" data-za-not-track-link="true"><FONT color=#0066cc>元谋人<SVG class=css-1dvsrp viewBox="0 0 15 15" height="10px" width="10px"><PATH fill="currentColor" d="M10.89 9.477l3.06 3.059a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 1.414l-3.06-3.06a6 6 0 1 1 1.414-1.414zM6 10a4 4 0 1 0 0-8 4 4 0 0 0 0 8z"></PATH></SVG></FONT></A></SPAN>为何不知廉耻不穿内衣；<SPAN><A class="RichContent-EntityWord css-b7erz1" href="https://www.zhihu.com/search?q=%E6%84%9A%E5%85%AC%E7%A7%BB%E5%B1%B1&search_source=Entity&hybrid_search_source=Entity&hybrid_search_extra=%7B%22sourceType%22%3A%22answer%22%2C%22sourceId%22%3A1362076412%7D" target=_blank data-paste-text="true" data-za-not-track-link="true"><FONT color=#0066cc>愚公移山<SVG class=css-1dvsrp viewBox="0 0 15 15" height="10px" width="10px"><PATH fill="currentColor" d="M10.89 9.477l3.06 3.059a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 1.414l-3.06-3.06a6 6 0 1 1 1.414-1.414zM6 10a4 4 0 1 0 0-8 4 4 0 0 0 0 8z"></PATH></SVG></FONT></A></SPAN>是否取得当地政府林业部门许可等。</P>
<P data-pid="_YPXZXrw">(*´◐∀◐`*)这种睿智的想法不宜有之。</P>
<P data-pid="9d48fSSd">在金庸、古龙等一流武侠小说作家眼中，虽然江湖尔虞我诈，但江湖主流也是以代表正义的白道武林人士为主，通常都是济弱扶贫、见义勇为、为国捐躯等行为。</P>
<P data-pid="VB2Qk57P">虽然武侠小说中也出现一些严重涉嫌违法犯罪之人物，但那些人都是反派，基本都属于被小说主角/重要配角打击的对象或工具人。</P></DIV></DIV> 够专业 字数多，厉害 :o:o:o 不明觉厉。。。
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